Criminal Sanction Essay -- Criminal Justice, Crime Control Model

IntroductionThe high level of activity in the vicious justice system and the resultant productivity arise from a simulacrum of interconnected beliefs that the implementation of criminal sanctions to offenders is an essential and useful means of holding up the existing moral and political order. That is to say, the criminal sanction can be deemed to be a reinforcer of the moral beliefs and social order. This paper, however, will look at both sides of the application of criminal sanction. Used providently and humanely it is a guarantor of human freedom used indiscriminately and coercively, it is a threatener. (Packer, 1968366) Professor Packer uses his knowledge and understanding of the nature of criminal sanction largely to fork up how much it actually does threaten freedom hence the arguments will revolve around this view. The essay aims to explain Packers quote and illustrate instances of criminal sanction as a prime guarantor or prime threatener of human freedom. The essay then goes to explain the rhetoric and the reality of justice and intends to advert out the gap, which exists between the two. As Herbert Packer identified the law in books can be quite obsolete and detached from reality (Packer, 1968). His ideal pretences, viz. due process and crime control, will be the cornerstone of the criminal justice evaluation. However, other perplexs will be introduced and used to assess Packers imagery of value choices. In order to truthfully assess the character of justice alongside criminal sanction per se and be able to pull back conclusions on how is justice manifested, this paper will succinctly look at several aspects of criminal justice process, including policing, prosecution and court procedures, and outside factors which sha... ... as meaningless. Instead, this model sees crime simply as an occasion for social intervention. The offenders are not regarded as responsible for their acts, but rather as products and in some instances the victims of eve nts beyond their control (King, 1981). According to this perspective, free will and moral responsibility are sheer illusions. Therefore, instead of punishing people for engaging in criminal activities, gild should discover ways of meeting their needs by providing them with the requisite human social qualities for them to control their future behaviour and so convert them into law-abiding citizens (King 198119). This model goes back to the notion of a criminal law without criminal sanctions. It argues against the utilization of criminal sanctions, and considers it not useful in curbing crime, as well as a threatener to those subjected to it.

Why Hitler was Able to Dominate Germany by 1934 :: Papers

Why Hitler was Able to Dominate Germany by 1934 Hitler was able to prevail Germanyby 1934 because of many events that occurred between 1923 and 1934 which helped his rise to power. In 1919 Hitler became the leader of the German workers party. By 1920 it was renamed the Nazi party and Hitler was its leader. Hitler organised the party as a military group, in 1921 he set up a private army called the Sturm-Abteilung or the SA. They dressed in brown and were sometimes cognise as brown shirts. close were young men and some where former members of friekorps. The SA was designed to intimidate and destroy opposition their militaristic style gave emphasis on the partys discipline and reminded citizens of Germanys strong militaristic background in the hope of gaining support. On 9th November 1923 Germanywas in chaos and Hitler allied with the former general ludendorf and attacked the government in Munichwith all 300 members of his party. This rebellion is known a s the Munichputsch, it was however crushed by those still loyal to the government and Hitler was sentenced to 8 months in Landsberg fortress. His weak sentence and comfortable lodgings in prison show that even then people supported his anti-Semitic views. In prison Hitler wrote mien kampf (my struggle) which was an auto biography containing a detailed account of his views. This when publish in 1925 quickly became a best seller and was a type of bible for the Nazi party. Hitlers time in prison let him think and he decide that if he wanted power he would have to obtain it legally through being voted in by the people. Democracy had some weaknesses and Hitler was wangle to exploit them. Even though after the Munichputsch the Nazi party was banned they carried on campaigning and entered the Reichstag elections in a different name. In the May elections of 1924 they realise 32 seats, even though this dropped to 14 in December of the same year they still remained in the government which was the foothold Hitler would use to

Macbeth was a Bloody Butcher in Shakespeares Macbeth :: essays research papers

The play Macbeth by William Shakespeare gives the audience plenty of opportunities to consider the reasons for Macbeths actions, whither he had sour mad, or he was just simply bad. I will look at to the extent to which Macbeth is responsible for his own actions, as well as the contributions of other(a) characters through an analysis of the playwrights dramatic techniques. After studying the play in detail I feel that although Macbeth was encouraged at the start he started cookery executions on his own and by the end of the play, Macbeths downfall showed him to be a bloody butcher.The play is about a ?golden couple,? Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth encounters witches who prophecies Macbeth as a force. This spurs them both to kill the king and over time power gets to them and Macbeth becomes a cold hearted butcher.The character of Macbeth is very complicated, which makes it difficult to arrive at a definite decision about how much he is to blame. At the start of the play Macbet h is held in high regard by many people. An example of this is when a serjeant-at-law from the army describes his as ? For brave Macbeth - well he deserves that name? He is also thought of as a respected cousin by the king who calls him ? O worthiest cousin? , this shows us that Macbeth was valued by many people as the Thane of Glamis.When Macbeth and Banquo meet the witches, Macbeth seems intrigued. On three occasions Macbeth demands to know more ? Speak, I charge you.? Banquo however does not want to hear what these witches have to say. This shows us that Macbeth is weak and vain, as he likes what the witches have to say. Macbeth is far too easily seduced and on the whole taken in by these witches.When Macbeth objects to Duncan?s murder this is letting us see that Macbeth has a conscience, ? We will proceed no further in this business.? Although he is persuaded afterwards he feels extremely guilty , ?I?ll go no more, I am afraid to think what I have done.? If Macbeth was such a bloody butcher, then why would he think twice about killing Duncan and afterwards why would he feel guilty ?A finical technique Shakespeare uses to make Macbeth seem more human is soliloquy. This lets the audience know what Macbeth is feeling and what he is thinking about.

Lions :: essays research papers

LionsPhysical CharacteristicsLions have relatively short-legged, long, muscular bodies and large manoeuvres. The mannish grows on average to 1.7 to 2.5 m (5.6 to 8.2 ft) long, not including the tail, which is 90 to one hundred five cm (36 to 41 in) in length. It stands 1.23 m (4 ft) high at the shoulder, and it weighs 150 to 250 kg (330 to 550 lb). The mane, which covers the head and neck, sometimes extends to the shoulders and belly. The mane will motley in affectation and length well-fed, healthy lions have longer, fuller manes. Fe staminates argon smaller further equally muscular. Lions vary in color from golden to brown. The mane of a young-begetting(prenominal) lion will vary from black to yellow. Both sexes have retractable claws to keep them smashing when they be needed. Lions have wide powerful jaws. The lions roar, which can be heard by humans up to 9 (5.6 miles) kilometers away, is usually uttered before the animals head for the hills in the evening, after a succ essful hunt, and again in the early morning. Habitat & Human ImpactLions once ranged throughout Africa and from Europe to Iran and India. By 1900 lions were no longer found in Syria today Asiatic lions are limited to the Gr Sanctuary in India. Lions also roam Africa south of the Sahara, in particular the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and the Kruger National Park in South Africa. This drastic reduction in range came about as humans and house servant livestock spread into savanna lands. Because lions live in render areas, they are easily catch by hunters and herders.Lions fur coats are a highly prized willpower by poachers, and are worth a lot. Over the be 200 years, over 90% of the world&8217s lion population has either been shot or killed as result of humans. Lions are also a very popular attraction for zoos and many lions live in captivity. Diet & Predatorial Behavior Lions are one of the world&8217s most famous predators. Their feasts ranges from insects to giraffes bu t they prefer large animals such as zebras and wildebeast. The lion will cautiously stalk its aim until it is within close range and it will sprint arriver speeds about 50 to 60 km/h. The lion will usually take its prey down by the neck using its huge jaws and razor sharp claws. The female is the hunter and will have the first meat, soon after the male comes to share the meat.Lions essays research papers LionsPhysical CharacteristicsLions have relatively short-legged, long, muscular bodies and large heads. The male grows on average to 1.7 to 2.5 m (5.6 to 8.2 ft) long, not including the tail, which is 90 to 105 cm (36 to 41 in) in length. It stands 1.23 m (4 ft) high at the shoulder, and it weighs 150 to 250 kg (330 to 550 lb). The mane, which covers the head and neck, sometimes extends to the shoulders and belly. The mane will vary in color and length well-fed, healthy lions have longer, fuller manes. Females are smaller but equally muscular. Lions vary in color from golden to brown. The mane of a male lion will vary from black to yellow. Both sexes have retractable claws to keep them sharp when they are needed. Lions have wide powerful jaws. The lions roar, which can be heard by humans up to 9 (5.6 miles) kilometers away, is usually uttered before the animals hunt in the evening, after a successful hunt, and again in the early morning. Habitat & Human ImpactLions once ranged throughout Africa and from Europe to Iran and India. By 1900 lions were no longer found in Syria today Asiatic lions are limited to the Gr Sanctuary in India. Lions also roam Africa south of the Sahara, particularly the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and the Kruger National Park in South Africa. This drastic reduction in range came about as humans and domestic livestock spread into savanna lands. Because lions live in open areas, they are easily shot by hunters and herders.Lions fur coats are a highly prized possession by poachers, and are worth a lot. Over the last 200 years, over 90% of the world&8217s lion population has either been shot or killed as result of humans. Lions are also a very popular attraction for zoos and many lions live in captivity. Diet & Predatorial Behavior Lions are one of the world&8217s most famous predators. Their preys ranges from insects to giraffes but they prefer large animals such as zebras and wildebeast. The lion will cautiously stalk its prey until it is within close range and it will sprint reaching speeds about 50 to 60 km/h. The lion will usually take its prey down by the neck using its huge jaws and razor sharp claws. The female is the hunter and will have the first meat, soon after the male comes to share the meat.

Describing The Obelisk :: Egypt Monuments Essays

Describing The Obelisk Whether you are driving past it on the freeway or it catches your eye as you leave the movie theater, the obelisk that stands in front of the Irvine Spectrum Center is a commanding sight to see. The 50-foot high fiber optic wonder is an impressive display of ancient shape and juvenile technology. During the evening hours, the needle rhythmically fades from one color to another, changing shades and hues. In daylight, it is a gleaming white beacon to all who look on. It is the identifying swash of a large business center know as the Irvine Spectrum. It is located where the 5 and 405 freeways connect in Irvine. This plaza contains a diversity of shops and restaurants, as head as commercial and business buildings. It is also the site if the Edwards 21 Cinema Complex and Edwards Imax 3-D Theater. Irvine Spectrum is surrounded by expanses of land that have yet to be developed, or are undergoing preliminary steps of developme nt. This center is used by both young and old who shop, eat, and work there. Many people go to the Irvine Spectrum for the repair purpose of visiting the most technologically advanced movie theater in the world - the Edwards Imax 3-D Theater. I believe that this attraction is one of the chief(prenominal) reasons the obelisk stands in front of the complex. When The Irvine Company, the development firm which built Irvine Spectrum, decided to have this one of a kind theater located at Irvine Spectrum, I think they were searching for something which would represent the grandeur of the new attraction. I believe the obelisk is that something. The stately shape is easily identifiable as one that has endured the probe of time, while the advanced fiber-optics which cover the surface add new-age technology to ancient symbolism. The combination of these two factors into the structure of the obelisk parallels the theater because both are classics with a new twist. The obelisk, however, also parallels its counterparts from thousands of years ago.From the remains of great civilizations of the past, obelisks are found to be one of the most easily identifiable monuments of all.

Describing The Obelisk :: Egypt Monuments Essays

Describing The Obelisk Whether you are driving past it on the freeway or it catches your nub as you leave the movie theater, the dagger that stands in front of the Irvine Spectrum Center is a commanding sight to see. The 50-foot high fiber optic wonder is an eye-popping display of ancient shape and modern technology. During the evening hours, the needle rhythmically fades from one color to another, changing shades and hues. In daylight, it is a gleaming light beacon to all who look on. It is the identifying feature of a large business center know as the Irvine Spectrum. It is located where the 5 and 405 freeways connect in Irvine. This core contains a diversity of shops and restaurants, as well as commercial and business buildings. It is also the site if the Edwards 21 Cinema Complex and Edwards Imax 3-D Theater. Irvine Spectrum is surrounded by expanses of land that have yet to be developed, or are undergoing preliminary steps of developmen t. This center is used by both young and old who shop, eat, and mildew there. Many people go to the Irvine Spectrum for the sole purpose of visiting the most technologically advanced movie theater in the world - the Edwards Imax 3-D Theater. I believe that this attraction is one of the main reasons the obelisk stands in front of the complex. When The Irvine Company, the development firm which built Irvine Spectrum, decided to have this one of a patient of theater located at Irvine Spectrum, I think they were searching for something which would represent the grandeur of the new attraction. I believe the obelisk is that something. The stately shape is comfortably identifiable as one that has endured the test of time, while the advanced fiber-optics which cover the surface add new-age technology to ancient symbolism. The combination of these two factors into the structure of the obelisk parallels the theater because both are classics with a new twist. The obelisk, however, also para llels its counterparts from thousands of years ago.From the remains of great civilizations of the past, obelisks are found to be one of the most substantially identifiable monuments of all.

Physics Lab

In the Tumble Buggy Lab, my partners and I used several distinguishable methods to calculate the focal ratio of a Tumble Buggy. The methods we used were a meter stick and a timer, a Spark Timer, a Photogate, and a Motion Sensor. Each method was different but overall, our velocities were very similar. Using the meter stick and timer, our velocity was 0. 22 m/s. With the spark timer, our velocity was 0. 26 m/s. Next, the velocity found with the Photogate was 0. 325 m/s. Finally, when we used the motion sensor, we found our velocity to be 0. 34 m/s. This lab is prone to some mechanical and human error.First, the meter stick and timer method. This method is the least complete because it is the most subject to human error. While doing this method, one mortal must time the car as it moves a blank of one meter. This can be very inaccurate because the timer could start the timer to early or to late and could s covering fire the timer to early or to late. Next we have the Spark Timer. T his method uses special tapes and burns small holes into the tape every tenth of a second. The Spark Timer is very accurate and the timing is very precise. Our third trial was the Photogate.I believe that this device is the most accurate because it measures the speed at which a flag placed on top of the buggy passes through a infrared beam, breaking the beam. The final trial was the motion sensor. Although this device is accurate it is subject to human error. This error comes into play when the person is starting and stopping the buggy in the motion sensor. The error is that you cannot be sure if the motion sensor is hitting the buggy at all times, effecting the data. Overall, I believe that this lab went well but if I were to redo the lab, I would definitely have more than one trial using each device.

Waste defined as unwanted matter

Chapter 11.0 IntroductionWaste is defined as unwanted aff crease or draw a blank of more or less(prenominal) typesetters casecast, frequently that which is left after the utile substances or part have been removed. It preserve be straightforward, liquid, semi- unanimous or contained gaseous stuff ensuing from either humankind or carnal activities.Based on the above definition, we brook suppose that since the beginning of life on Earth, world has been bring forthing counterbalance runing from castanetss and another(prenominal) parts of animate beings which they slaughter for their food for thought, to the wood they cut to do their carts. However, with the advancement of civilisation and the promotion of engineering, the vaunt generated has become more complex in nature and all the same more varied in footings of its components, doing it more complicated to be controlled and managed decently.Furthermore, it is deserving observing that, today, closely of the states in the universe have witnessed a crisp nation growing which resulted in the rapid enlargement of urban countries, taking to signifi preemptt rise in the get wind of consumers. This phenomenon is in itself mostly responsible for the addition in the sum of bollocks up generated daily.Waste is finally thrown into municipal brag aggregation shopping centers where the teaching and presidency is done. Yet, if done improperly, it can do serious impacts on wellness every bit good as gambols to the surroundings. For case, if non decently disposed of, bollocks could on the one manus spread infective and chronic diseases, and on the other manus could engross to chemic toxic condition and radioactive jeopardies, that could, at times, be lifelessly.Added to that, improperly managed nullify can do H2O, Earth and air contaminant, which finally affect peck s wellness and flummox on the line their lives.So bearing in head the antecedently mentioned factors, authoritiess all everyplace the universe have to devise proper and efficient orders of eat upfulness disposal that better guarantee the safety of its people and cut dismantle the effects of fantastic jeopardies on persons and the environment wholly.Chapter- 22.0. Definition of solid wasteDue to the momentous addition in waste that characterizes modern-day societies solid waste has become easy recognized than defined.However, solid waste has been defined by the New York Department of Environmental preservation as any refuse, garbage or sludge and other cast-off stuffs including solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous stuffs, ensuing from industrial, commercial and agricultural operations and from community activities.To get down with, specifying solid waste is of great importance to be able to identify and c all over with different classs of waste successfully. Nevertheless, a c arful and thorough cognition of the beginnings, types every bit good as the belongingss of solid waste is one of the staple fiber demands privationed for a proper and equal direction of solid waste.2.1. Beginnings of solid wasteThe beginnings of solid waste vary from residential, to commercial, institutional, building and destruction, municipal, agricultural, industrial and godforsaken beginnings, depending on the constituents and types of waste produced.2.1.1. Residential beginningsThe size of urban residential countries, made up of both individual and multifamily homes, low medium and high rise flats, have pre displaces expanded in a manner that they now constitute a major cause of the multiplication of big measures of solid waste. Besides, the changeless alteration in people s life style, and nutrient wonts led to the rise of consumer societies which has finally contributed to the coevals of more solid waste.2.1.2. CommercialCommercial countries fundamentally constitute of assorted edifices that offer services and installations to the consumers. The latter implicate section shops, eating houses, markets, offices edifices, hotels, motels, print stores, service Stationss, car fix stores, etc. The participate of the above mentioned edifices is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours as the visualize of people in demand of these installations has been increasing prominentally. Consequently, the sum of waste produced by these constitutions has also been lifting. Waste is besides more varied as it implys organic or combustible solid waste ( e.g nutrient, paper, cardboad ) , inorganic or non-combustible solid waste ( e.g glass, Sn tins, aluminium ) and particular waste ( e.g electronics, bulky points, white goods ) .2.1.3. InstitutionalInstitutional beginnings of solid waste ar varied in footings of the constitutions involved in treating much(prenominal) type of waste and the type of waste produced. These include authorities centres, schools, prisons and infirmaries. Talking ab push through hospital waste, which constitutes of disposable instruments suc h as acerate leafs, panpipes, swabs, patchs etc, it is deserving adverting that this type of waste has an highly bad consequent on the environment. Acerate leaf to state, that it is besides passing infective and can be a serious menace to human wellness. For this screen background, it is strongly advised that medical wastes should be handled and processed individually from other waste.2.1.4. expression and DestructionThe addition in universe existence has been accompanied with an increasing demand for residential and non-residential edifices, that is to state single or commercial edifices. For this ground, more immense edifices are being constructed, others are being knocked down or demolished and other 1s are being repaired or remodeled. Besides, there is the municipalities route fix and redevelopment browse which leaves behind hemorrhoids of waste in the destruction sites. The measure of such waste is hard to gauge and is ever unpredictable.2.1.5. Municipal servicesAnother of import beginning of solid waste is that which consequences from the operation and care of different municipal installations, including street cleansing, consumescape gardening, catch basin cleansing, Parkss, beaches and other recreational countries.Because it is by and large impossible to foretell some of the constituents of this waste and its beginnings, it is frequently referred to as waste from non-specific diffuse beginnings, which can be contrasted to the specific waste from the residential beginnings which is recurrent.2.1.6. AgriculturalWaste that is generated in the agricultural field is in no manner less of import than the one which residential, commercial or institutional beginnings generate, although it is different in its type and constituents. The chief beginning of this type of residue is the baleful agricultural activities conducted in the field such as planting and harvest home of trees and harvests, animate being maintaining, the production of milk and the oper ation of feedlots.The disposal of such type of waste has nt been the duty of most of the municipal waste direction bureaus. That is why the disposal of carnal manure has become a critical job for a big figure of states where agribusiness is a harsh activity.2.1.7. Industrial wasteNo un currentty, the old ages that followed the industrial revolution have witnessed great technological development which turn out to be critical for the states economic systems. Light and heavy fabrication industries are now being developed, chemical and power workss are being set and parable of in the altogether stuffs has been an ongoing procedure. However, this technological promotion goes manus in manus with the addition in the waste stuffs generated from all sectors including meat processing and rendition, wool scouring, mire and paper devising, tilt processing, tining and confectionery sectors . Consequently, new and efficient ways of waste direction demand to be developed in order of battle to run into the demands of the industrialise states.2.1.8. Hazardous wasteHazardous waste is any type of waste that constitutes an at hand menace to homo s and animate being s lives. Besides, it is besides considered a major menace to the environment including workss and other life animals. Hazardous waste may incorporate toxic substances that are either caustic, extremely inflammable, or explosive, and answer when exposed to certain things handle gases.This sort of waste is generated non merely in the industrial sector or in infirmaries but besides some family waste, desire batteries, pigment Sns and old medical specialties can be categorized as risky. Unfortunately, some states do nt hold proper disposal installations for these risky wastes which, at times, can be fatal.2.2. Types of solid waste steadfast waste could be divided into three chief types depending on the beginning of the waste generated. There is set-back the municipal waste, so the industrial and biomedical was te, and eventually the agricultural waste.2.2.1. MunicipalIt includes wastes generated from residential, commercial, institutional, construction/demolition, and municipal services. These could be nutrient wastes, paper, plastics, glass, aluminium and other stuffs, composition board, consumer electronics, family risky waste, wood, steel, concrete, particular wastes, rubbish and street sweepings, etc.It is deserving observing that the municipality is in charge of the aggregation and disposal of such types of solid wastes.2.2.2. Industrial and biomedicalThese are classified infra the same type of waste because they consist of elements that are extremely and potentially unsafe and risky. Though biomedical waste differs from the industrial waste as it originates from biological beginnings, yet both of them should be decently managed to protect the general populace, specifically workers who are on a regular basis exposed to such waste as an occupational jeopardy.2.2.3. AgriculturalSpoile d nutrient wastes, carnal waste, rubbish and other agricultural wastes are types of solid wastes produced in the agricultural field. As I antecedently mentioned, the direction and disposal of such type of solid waste is, in most states, non the municipalities duty, which poses a serious job for them.2.3. Properties of municipal solid waste2.3.1. Physical belongingssWhen we talk about the physical belongingss of municipal solid waste, we should needfully advert the specific weight, wet subject, atom size and size distribution, field capacity and the compacted porousness of waste.2.3.1.1. Specific weightIt is defined as the weight of stuff per unit peck ( Integrated Solid Waste Management, George Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen and Samuel A. spotter, 1993 ) . It is measured in ( lb/ydA? ) and is needed in order to measure the entire mass and volume of waste that must be managed. However, specific weights of solid waste vary unusually with the geographic location, season, and aloof ness of clip in storage. ( Table 1.1 )2.3.1.2. Moisture contentMoisture content of solid waste means the per centum of the wet weight of the stuff. It is expressed as follows M= ( w vitamin D ) 100Meter wet content ( % ) due west initial weight of sample, ( pound )d- weight of sample after drying at 105Ac, ( pound )2.3.1.3. Particle size and size distributionIt is an of import consideration in the convalescence of stuffs ( Figure 1.1 ) . It may be defined by the followers Scandium ( fifty + tungsten )Scandium size of the constituentcubic decimeter length in millimetertungsten breadth in millimeterH tallness in millimeter2.2.1.4. Field capacityIt is the entire sum of wet that can be retained in waste, which, finally, determines the formation of leachate in reducefills, that is to state H2O in surplus of the field capacity. It varies in conformity with the grade of force per unit line of business and the province of dissolution of the waste.2.2.1.5. Permeability of compacted was teIt is used to mention to the hydraulic conduction of compacted or pressed wastes which governs the motion of liquids and gases in a rural areafill.2.3.2. Chemical belongingssThe chemical make-up of the constituents of municipal solid waste helps measure the processing and recovery of waste. For case, the possibility of burning or firing waste depends really much on the chemical composing of waste.There are four chief belongingss that should be focused on if wastes are to be burned proximate analysis, blending point of modify, eventual(prenominal) analysis and the energy content of waste.2.3.2.1. Proximate analysisIt consists of finding the wet loss from waste when heated, the extra loss of weight at 950Ac, the fixed C and change weight of residue after burning.2.3.2.2. Blending point of ashIt is needed to find the temperature at which the ash ensuing from the combustion of waste will organize a solid by merger.2.3.2.3. Ultimate analysisIt involves finding the per centum of C ( C ) , H ( H ) , O ( O ) , N ( N ) , S ( S ) and ash in waste ( Table 1.2 ) .Table 1.2 Typical informations on the ultimate analysis of the combustible constituents in the residential municipal solid waste2.3.2.4. Energy contentIt can be determined utilizing a full graduated table boiler as a calorimeter, a research lab bomb calorimeter and by deliberation if the elemental composing is known. However, it can be said that the informations on the energy content of the organic constituents of municipal solid waste are based generally on the consequences of bomb calorimeter trials due to the trouble of pull stringsing a all-out boiler.2.3.3. Biological belongingssAbout all the organic constituents in municipal solid waste can be converted to gases, which is the most of import biological feature. In add-on to this characteristic, there is the production of olfactory properties and the genteelness of flies.2.3.3.1. Biodegradability of organic waste constituentsVolatile solids content, which is determined by ignition at 550Ac, is frequently used as a step of biodegradability of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. ( Table 1.3 )Table 1.3 Datas on the perishable fraction of selected organic waste constituents based on lignin content2.3.3.2. Production of olfactory propertiesOlfactory properties develop when solid wastes are stored for a long clip. The latter develop from the decomposition of the readily analyzable organic constituents. This belongings is by and large accompanied by alteration in the colour of the organic waste to black.2.3.3.3. Breeding of fliesIn quick clime fly genteelness should be an of import consideration. They can develop quickly in less than two hebdomads after the eggs are laid. For this ground the storage period of solid waste should be short particularly in hot conditions.Eggsdevelop 8-12 hoursFirst phase of larval period 20 hours second base phase of larval period 24 hoursThird phase of larval period 3 yearssPupal phase 4-5 y earssEntire 9-11 yearss2.4. Definition of solid waste directionSolid waste direction is a system for managing all the refuse generated by people populating in urban and rural countries. It consists of the aggregation, transit, processing, recycle or disposal and supervise of the waste stuffs produced by the assorted human activities. Waste direction is carried out in order to maintain metropoliss clean and to cut down the effects of waste on people s wellness and the environment. But it is besides meant to retrieve re artificial lakes from it.2.5. Solid waste rhythmThere are 5 chief stairss in the procedure of waste direction viz. analysis, aggregation, transit, recovery and cycle or disposal. These are summarized in the undermentioned figure 1.2.2.5.1. Solid waste direction rhythmIn order to develop an let waste direction solution that meets the demands and demands of the dwellers of peculiar country, and the demands of worlds that keep altering over clip, it is decidedly requir ed to analyze the waste to be managed. For case, the cognition of the volume or sum of waste produced helps make up ones mind on the equipment required for such volume of waste to be disposed, a meet service docket every bit good as the staff needed for the work. Furthermore, the cognition of waste watercourses that are normally disposed of is needed in order to plan and transport out suited direction process. So it could be said that the direction of solid waste is an ongoing procedure that starts long clip earlier the waste is produced.2.5.2 CollectionThe 2nd measure in the waste direction rhythm is the aggregation of waste from bins which by and large differ in size and contents, and from disposal countries where wastes vary from family simple refuse to industrial Dumpsters which are filled by more complex wastes generated either by persons or companies. Waste at this story could be separated or un-separated ( commingled ) .2.5.3. Transportation systemIt follows the aggregati on measure and consists of both transporting the collected wastes to the resource recovery centre and droping the contents of the aggregation vehicles in the centre where the waste is supposed to be processed.2.5.4. RecoveryOnce unloaded in the processing installation, the waste is sorted into reclaimable and non-recyclable points, besides called general waste, as a readying for the adjacent phase where the waste is really disposed of utilizing the needed method for each class ( reclaimable or non-recyclable stuffs ) .2.5.5. Disposal and monitoring of solid wasteEqually shortly as the waste is sorted and classified into different classs, the reclaimable waste is carried to a recycling installation, where it is processed in order to be reused. Whereas the non-recyclable waste is either sent to a composting or inceneration centre or disposed of at landfill.2.6. Solid waste treatment/management2.6.1. Land make fullingLand filling has ever been a common pattern in most states universe broad. It involves the monitoring of the incoming waste watercourse and bury it in big holes specifically designed for the intent. At this grad it should be acknowledged that a decently designed and well-managed land fill can be hygienic but besides a comparatively crummy method of disposal of waste stuffs. On the other manus, nevertheless, poorly-designed every bit good as poorly-managed landfills can make a figure of serious environmental effects that is why the procedure of land make fulling starts long clip before the dumping of waste in the landfills and does non stop at the degree of burying the waste. Municipalities and waste direction bureaus have to pay a great trade of attending to the closing of the land fill every bit good as its care after the closing.For case, harmonizing to George Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen and Samuel A. Vigil a figure of elements have to be taken into consideration in order to guarantee that bing landfills do non impact people s wellness and th e environment negatively. To get down with, they believe that the ballad out and design of the landfill is of import, together with the operations and direction. The reactions happening in landfills, the direction of landfill gases and leachate should be taken into consideration. Harmonizing to them a typical layout of a landfill is presented in the figure1.3 taken from Integrated Solid Waste Management, Engineering Principles and Management Issues, 1993.The volume and type of waste disposed of in a landfill during one operation, which is referred to as cell, varies from one land fill to another. For this ground, we can sort land fills under three chief classs. First, the land fills that are designed for commingled municipal solid waste ( excepting industrial waste ) . The 2nd class of land fills includes waste that is cut into strips or shredded in order to be compacted to a tighter surface, therefore increasing its denseness. The 3rd type includes land fills for single waste compo nents known as monofills.However, whatever waste is buried in land fills, a day-to-day screen consisting of dirt or other stuffs, such as compost, should be used so that it controls the blowing of the waste stuffs outside the land fill, the entry of rats and flies and besides the entry of H2O. These safeguards taken after the disposal of waste in a landfill aid guarantee that the latter does non impact universal wellness and the environment.2.6.1.1. Restrictions of land fillingSince the development of this method of waste disposal at that place have been three chief sheers related to set down filling. The first issue relates to the uncontrolled release of landfill gases that can make countries off-site, dispersed annoying olfactory properties and do potentially unsafe jobs. The 2nd job is related to the consequence that the uncontrolled discharge of landfill gases could hold on the ambiance. Added to that, is the job of the uncontrolled release of leachate which could make the lan d or surface H2O and contaminate it, doing a figure of diseases to the persons. For these assorted grounds, one of the chief concerns of waste direction bureaus should be to extinguish or at least cut down the impacts associated with this waste disposal method in order to maximise its benefits.2.6.2. RecyclingIt is non a modern-day method as it started long clip back when resources were really scarce and people had fewer picks. However, with the industrial revolution recycling has taken a different and more complex form as the stuffs being processed presents differ from those of the yesteryear. This method consists of treating used stuffs into new merchandises in order to forestall the waste of some resources and cut down the negative effects other methods could hold.2.6.2.1. Reclaimable stuffsTo get down with, as I antecedently mentioned, waste stuffs could be divided into two chief classs reclaimable and non-recyclable waste. The reclaimable waste, which is our chief concern, incl udes stuffs such as glass, paper, metal, plastic, fabrics, aluminium, lumber, concrete blocks, batteries, electronics and biodegradable waste.2.6.2.2. Benefits of recyclingTo get down with, recycling has an economic benefit for persons every bit good as the community in general, though there has been some dissension about whether recycling is economically efficient or non. A survey conducted by the Technical University of Denmark found that in 83 % of instances, recycling is the most efficient method of waste disposal, but the sum of money that could be saved through recycling depends on the efficiency of the plan used to make it. It has been proved that recycling could be profitable if it replaces the traditional ways of waste disposal, if the landfill fees are high and of class depending on the sum of waste to be recycled.Furthermore, it is believed that recycling saves energy. For case, the Energy Information politics states that a paper factory uses 40 per centum less energy to do paper from recycled paper than it does to do paper from fresh lumber . It besides argues that recycling aluminium saves 95 % of the energy required to do the same sum of aluminium from abrasion.Finally, recycling proved to hold enormous benefits on the environment. It reduces air pollution that could be caused by gases produced in incineration sites. Besides, it helps cut down the risky waste s leaching from landfills. It besides controls the ingestion of natural resources which the universe hazards of running out within a figure of old ages. All I all recycling can be considered an efficient manner of prolonging the environment for the approaching coevalss.2.6.3. Restrictions of recyclingCompared to other waste disposal methods, recycling could be extremely good. Yet like other methods it has its defects and restrictions excessively. For illustration, it has been proved that nowadays waste is being recycled for fiscal addition regardless of the risky effects it could hold both on workers wellness or the environment, taking the recycling industry set up in China as an illustration. Furthermore, the profitableness of recycling is questioned because even developed states like the United States of America have trouble in happening markets for recycled points doing of marketing a serious issue for them. Added to that, the cost of reclaimable stuffs can at times exceed the cost of the natural stuffs.In add-on to the old statements, critics argue that in the procedure of recycling, it could take more energy to bring forth recycled merchandises than it does to dispose of them in traditional landfills or incineration sites.2.6.3. Reduce and reuseThe mark of waste coevals is increasing in most states in the universe due to the crisp rise in the universe population, accompanied by the enlargement of urban countries. However, in order to halt this tendency of increasing sum of waste produced by each individual we should command the coevals of waste in the first to pographic point. Waste bar, besides called source reduction , means that mill should plan and industry stuffs that cut down the sum of rubbish created and single people should buy and utilize stuffs that could be reused. hence manufactures every bit good as persons contribute to the procedure of cut downing the waste produced, which finally hold and hopefully avoid the costs of recycling, composting land filling and burning.Good illustrations of merchandises that could be reduced or reused are containers and packaging, newspapers, vesture and other goods like furniture, tyres, etc.2.6.3.1. Benefits of decrease and reuseReducing waste saves the natural resources and recycling stuffs to fabricate them deceases the coevals of waste dramatically as finally less material will necessitate to be disposed of. Furthermore, forestalling waste means economic come near eggs for communities and persons excessively. For case, if mills industry merchandises with less packaging, they will purchas e less natural stuff. This means the lessening in the fabrication costs and the addition in the net income. Individual people could besides derive if they buy merchandises in majority, with less or reclaimable packaging.However, we should bear in head that reclaimable merchandises need to be more lasting, therefore necessitating more material. Besides, screening and fixing points for reuse takes clip and it could besides be money for concerns. Some points could besides be risky as they continue to be used.2.6.4. IncinerationThis means the disposal of waste by burning it or change overing it into heat, gas, steam and ash. It is seen as practical method of disposing of certain risky waste stuffs such as biological medical waste. It is besides deserving adverting that it is a common method in states where land is scarce like Japan.2.6.4.1. Restrictions of incinerationIncineration is a controversial method because of the emanation of gaseous pollutants that accompany the procedure and w hich may hold serious environmental effects.2.6.5. CompostingIt consists of break uping organic waste, such as nutrient, with micro-organisms in order to bring forth consumer merchandise or compost that varies in footings of its physical and chemical features depending on the nature of the get downing stuff. Harmonizing to George Tchobanoglus, Hilary Theisen and Samuel A. Vigil the composting operations consist of pre-processing of municipal solid waste, decomposition of the organic fraction of the waste and readying and selling of the concluding compost merchandise after it has been recovered(p) and stabilized. This procedure is summarized in the undermentioned figure 1.4 taken from their book Integrated Solid Waste Management, Engineering Principles and Management Issues,1993.This method allows the usage of the already getable waste in a more productive manner and reduces the volume of wastes placed in landfills. However, there are issues associated with this method that should be analyzed and solved. These include the production of olfactory properties that accompany the procedure and the absence of fixed standards for suited or unvarying compost merchandise.2.7. Solid waste direction in the Sultanate of OmanThe sultanate of Oman has undergone dramatic alterations since the 1970 s. Along with other states in the universe, it has witnessed an addition in the population characterized by the enlargement of the urban countries and the change in the life styles of its people. These alterations automatically affected the size, beginnings, and type of waste generated by single families or authorities establishments and industries. This means that the already available system of waste direction has become deficient to run into the demands of the lifting figure of people.Mahad bin Eissa Shammas, Director of the board of directors of environment personal businesss in the governorate of Dhofar says in a study for a web diary that The addition in the population dense ness, as a consequence of the uninterrupted urban enlargement, together with the betterment of life criterions, have increased the sum of generated solid waste all over the sultanate. Assorted processs were taken to construct the basic installations for solid waste disposal, but those stairss could non fit the velocity of development the universe has witnessed in this field. For this ground the authorities has put a batch of accent in the demand to better waste direction methods to run into the both the demands of people and the environmental demands of a underdeveloped state.2.7.1. Solid waste garbage dumpsBurning waste is a common pattern in some locations in the sultanate, but throwing waste in garbage dumps is besides a widely used pattern. Mahad bin Eissa Shammas criticizes the available garbage dumps stating that healthful garbage dumps were introduced in the sultanate yet. Besides, there are no suited mechanisms to roll up and pack the waste in order to forestall internal bur ning. Furthermore, taking the location of the garbage dumps was non done on a scientific footing. That is why some garbage dumps are located on the same vale where otiose H2O is being drained, which makes the pollution of the land H2O an at hand job. Recycling on the other manus was introduced several old ages back, yet it has been limited to specific stuffs such as metals, fish and agricultural waste.To sum up we can state that the disposal of solid waste in the sultanate was non good managed due to the deficiency of consciousness among people in charge of the waste direction.However, a great trade of attending has late been paid to this job. So Torahs have been modernized and surveies have been conducted by the ministry of local municipalities and environment in cooperation with Muscat municipality in order to better waste direction methods.2.7.2. Recycling procedureDirector Mahad bin Eissa Shammas, says that the authorities intends to switch to mechanical intervention workss to r ecycle the waste, and to do usage of private sector in recycling. He gives the illustrations of the successful undertakings of gum elastic pulverization and runing Fe produced from used auto tyres which were utile for the environment. Fecal matters of herds are now being collected and used to bring forth natural fertilisers. Fish oil and pulverization are being produced in particular mills and used as fresh fish and fertilisers. The leftovers of slaughter houses particularly the tegument is being used to fabricate leather.A closer survey of the waste direction of Al Amerat Municipality as a theoretical account will be covered in chapter ..2.8. Waste direction in PalestinePopulating in a state that suffers from war, Palestinian people faced a batch of troubles in pull offing the solid waste produced by mostly populated countries, which otherwise and under ordinary fortunes, constitutes a serious job to a big figure of states in the universe.Based on a study written by salah EL Borno , Director of the Council for Solid waste direction, it could be said that the bad patterns with the absence of statute law and review mechanisms in many countries resulted in meagre and inconsistent aggregation services. Waste was on occasion dumped in unfastened countries, farms and vales or in some non-hygienic topographic points, which represented a possible riskiness to the public wellness and the environment, particularly to the land H2O resources.

Alexander Hamilton Essay

I consider Napoleon, Fox, and Hamilton the three greatest men of our epoch, and if I were forced to decide amidst the three, I would give without hesitation the first place to Hamilton. He divined Europe.Charles Maurice de Talleyrand.So begins the biography of horse parsley Hamilton on the web page from Revolution to Reconstruction. Even Jefferson was in awe of him as he told James Madison in 1795, Hamilton is really a colossus . . . without numbers, he is a host within himself. quoted by De Coralis.Alexander Hamilton was born in about1757 on the Caribbean island of Nevis. He had no birth certificate so the exact date is disputed, but he always said it was in 1757. He was one of two sons born illegitimately to a French Huguenot incur by an irresponsible Scots father who was later to abandon his family. His mother died of yellow fever when he was only 13, having been imprisoned for adultery at the instigation of her husband , who then managed to conquestfully sue for all her meagr e assets, leaving the two boys with nothing. All his life Hamilton was aware that people knew of his beginnings and discussed them behind his back.After his mothers death he began to work as clerk to raw(a) Yorker Nicolas Cruger. In Crugers absence he ran the firm and so even as a teenager he came to learn and to manage the intricacies of international wad something that was to be in his stead later. He also saw the dark side of trading slavery, which he came to hate. Eventually he was to co-found an abolitionist society. Another instruct was clergyman Hugh Knox, who tutored him in both humanities and sciences. It was these mentors and other rich islanders who paid for him to study in New York at the then Kings College . (Now capital of South Carolina University). Their idea seems to have been that he study medicine and then return to set up practice. That was the theory, but the fact was that he never re sour to the islands.He arrived in New York in 1773. In 1774 the first co ntinental Congress met to decide what to do about what they saw as the tyrannical rule of England. Following the capital of Massachusetts Tea Party Hamilton travelled to Boston where he became convinced of the rights of the colonists.The newspapers were full of arguments for and against and Hamilton joined in when he wrote his first pamphlet A Full confession of the Measures of Congress, According to Lisa Marie de Coralis on the web page From Revolution to Reconstruction, in 1769 Hamilton had written to a friend saying that what better way was there for a young man to change his station in life than in war. His argument was that in war it is ones abilities rather than ones background that counts. Considering his background it is hardly a surprising view.In the summer of 1776 the British fleet were sailing towards the city of New York and Hamilton responded quickly to a make for volunteers. He soon became captain of a group of artillerymen, even paying for their uniforms himself. H e and his company fought alongside chapiter and his men at Long Island and in other battles that yearHis talents were recognised and he became, aged 20, aide-de-camp to General George Washington with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. It seems with hindsight that he made the right choice, for he had earlier turned down similar positions with other military leaders. He continued to be close to Washington for most of the quantify and was eventually among those who composed Washingtons farewell address in 1796.Valley Forge in the winter of 1777 -78 was an important duration for Hamilton. Washington had some 9,000 men forced to scavenge for supplies, because of the inability of Congress to act on their behalf. All around men were starving and Hamilton realised that the Americans would become a laughing stock if their government was seen to be unable to support its troops.There was to be an alliance with France and Hamilton, probably using the French he had leant from his mother, becam e interpreter. In the summer of 1779 rumours began to circulate that Hamilton was to lead a move to impose congress and install Washington as a dictator. Colonel John Brooks told Hamilton of these rumors adding that he had hear someone say Mr. Hamilton could be no ways evoke in the defence of this country and therefore, was most likely to pursue such a line of conduct as his great ambition dictated.His colleagues realised that the rumours were false. Hamilton was foil with Congress, no more. It did make one thing plain though, Hamilton was, and always would be viewed as an outsider a non-American, a major reason why, despite his immense abilities he is not included in the list of American Presidents. Other reasons given are his affair and the fact that his politics and reasoning were way to a higher place the heads of most Americans.Hamilton on the other hand firmly links himself with the American cause as when he wrote to Congressman Duane in 1780 the defects of our present system, and the changes necessary to hold back us from ruin. See chapter 8 From Revolution to Reconstruction. In the letter he sees America as other nations would see her, with a weak congress, unable to take on its commitments. Much of the letter is about his financial plans for the country not surprising for someone who was to become its treasurer.Washington was not known as a calm man. There were several spats and then in 1781, Washington felt that Hamilton was not respecting him and the two fell out. In April of that year he resigned as aide-de camp and went to pose with his new wife in Albany. From here he began his first essays on American government. The Continentalist,In 1781 he eventually had his first command and victory at Yorktown. In January of 1782 his first child was born and two months later he resigned from the military, being appointed as Receiver of Taxes for New York. At the same time he began to study law, completing a three year course in just a few mont hs. In 1782 he also became a congressman. He is quoted by De Coralis as writing to Lafayette-I have been employed for the last ten months in rocking the cradle and studying the art of fleecing my neighbours. I am now a Grave Counsellorat law, and shall soon be a grand member of Congress. The Legislatureat their last session took it into their heads to gain me pretty unanimously one of their delegates.As a lawyer he acted in many cases involving anti-loyalists laws. One of his most important cases ensured that federal laws were to be treated as supreme over those of individual states.Hamilton could be quite outspoken. In June 1780 he write to John Laurens describing his fellow Americans as having the passiveness of sheep they are intractable not to be freeI f we are saved France and Spain must save us. Eventually of course they rose to the occasion, though France did contribute to the success by not allowing Britain to make full use of its military and naval powers.Despite his Ame rican nationality he admired the British system of government . He said when addressing congress in June 1787 I believe the British government forms the best model the world ever produced.Hamilton is one of the anonymous contributors to the Constitution, the final school text of which was drawn up by James Madison in July of 1787, according to Cohen and Major ( page 511). First of all Hamilton asked for a revision of the articles of confederation. He called them to armor saying as quoted in volume 4 of his papers-Let Americans disdain to be instruments of European greatness Let the thirteen states, bound together by strict and indissoluble union, concur in erecting one great American system.He signed the constitution in September 1787 and when Washington took on the presidency he knew that Hamilton was the best man to take on the countrys finance and he became the first, and perhaps the greatest, Secretary to the Treasury in 1789. He served in this post from 1789 to 1795, during which period he succeeded in restoring the countrys financial position.Early in his period of office he produced lengthened reports for congress about what the country needed financially including a system of taxation and funding of the national debt. The report controversially included the need for a national bank, an idea that Washington for one did not at first approve of. In 1792 there was a stock market panic and from this time on Hamilton came under attack for his policies.In 1804 there was to be an election. During the run up Hamilton, then leader of the Federalist party and famous for arguing for freedom of speech, was heard , on more than one occasion, to be vilifying Aaron take, the Republican leader, vice-president and a long time enemy. He had already come out heavily against Burr in the press. Burr demanded satisfaction in the form of a duel, and despite the fact that his beloved son had died in a duel, Hamilton, after the interchange of several letters, finally conced ed. It was his eleventh and last duel.Hamilton fired firs t and missed. Burrs first shot, hit Hamilton in lower abdomen, paralysed him and he died at home the following day, having confessed to hi s doctor that he had had no intention of hitting Burr. He died leaving a wife, seven children and a mountain of debts, having frequently undercharged clients, subsidised newspapers and having refused an legions pension. The financial genius had failed to provide for himself. Neither man benefited as Burr was indicted for murder, though duelling was not outlawed in New Jersey, and though later acquitted, Burrs political career was over, as of course was Hamiltons.BibliographyCrystal, D. editor, The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995Hamilton,A. Address to the Constitutional Congress, 11th June 1787, quoted by Cohen,M. and Major,J. in History in Quotations, Cassell, London ,2004.Hamilton, A., The papers of Alexander Hamilton vol2 (1961) pages 347 -8, volume 4, page 345.Electronic SourcesDe Coralis, L.M. From Revolution to Reconstruction, Biography of Alexander Hamilton found 2nd June 2007http//odur.let.rug.nl/usa/B/hamilton/hamilxx.htm

Mainframe computer Essay

Hardware and Software Components BUS 210 July 8, 2011 Brian Wirpsa Axia College Material Appendix E Hardware/Software Components In your own words, describe the following hardware/software components Legacy systems The legacy systems are the IT system as a whole for a company. The legacy system is computers, hardware, and software needed to run an IT system. central processing unit computers Mainframe computers were the hub of a companys IT system information. They were large, use mostly for number crunching, and only accessible by company managers.Later, although they remained expensive minicomputers were made that were used for word processing, and more readily available for other function departments to use. Microprocessors Microprocessors are the software components that help to make the personal computer possible. Microprocessors are essentially the brains wrong of a pc. PCs PCs or personal computers are much smaller than mainframe computers and made for undivided use. The y were computers that use software that any individual can use and within a business held a connection to the companys mainframe.Network computers Network computers act as the middleman in the communication between the pc and a companys mainframe. This group of pcs connection to the mainframe server called a land field of operation network acts as a landline for the network of computers located in the same building. World Wide Web and Internet The origination wide meshing is a connection worldwide to any and every computer in the world. The world wide web allowed information to be transferred to and from anywhere in the world via the internet.With wires, cables, Ethernet wires, and routers is how The internet was able to transfer information. Wired and wireless broadband technology Wired broadband technology is the use of the internet through wires that transmit selective information at a slow speed. Like a tunnel, wired internet technology must move slowly through the small sp ace provided by the wiring. Wireless technology uses no wiring, therefore that tunnel is now wide open with more space and room for data to transfer at a higher rate of speed. PC softwarePC software is the brains that operate the computer. PC software is what is used to connect all functions of a computer together to work such as the hardware components and the software itself. Networking software Networking software is the second brain for a computer that allows it to connect to a companys servers and company pcs. Computer security software Computer security software is the protective shield or skull for a computer that prevents outsiders from entering a computer system and taking vital information.

On Adam’s Curse Essay

William Butler Yeats is an Irish dramatist, author, and poet whose works ar aboutly classified as lyric and almost belonging to the years of the English romantics. He was a Nobel Prize awardee and ane of the founders of the Irish Literary Revival. His works are the utmost expressions of his emotions and opinions and for such they are renowned. They have made Yeats the most influential English-writing poet of the twentieth century (William Butler Yeats). In his work, Adams Curse, which was published in 1902, Yeats exposed to his audience the depths of his mind. He spoke of his beliefs in beauty, how it may truly be seen, and achieved.More importantly it explained how beauty is truly understood and appreciated. Typical with Yeats other works, the poem has a consistent rhyme and meter. For any stanza, there is a definitive sound that ties all the lines together and makes the lyric piece progress smoothly to its meaning. The rhymes are external mostly by the displace of each line a nd the point of view utilized is first person. This means that the speaker of the poem is present as the story of the piece unfolds. The speaker is the one who experienced a disturbing occurrence. Also the speaker is the one opining on the given occurrence, the one comeing the writers message.The initial clue as given by the speaker of the poem is in the first stanza, where the speaker was seemingly disappointed by peoples perception of true beauty. He said that he, together with the object of his affection is talking about poetry, and how beauty is created in difficulty. The disappointment set in when he stated that there are people who believe that they know beauty and unless they find artists and poets as lazy people. They do not see the labor that is poured into by creators in their works, yet they claim to know how to appreciate real beauty (Yeats).In the second stanza, the object of the speakers affection agreed with the speaker in utter that beauty needs to be la tire upon . Merely admiration is not the basis for knowing true beauty, nor is merely reciting a beautiful poem. This is supported by the succeeding lines where the speaker further pointed that after Adams fall, there had not been anything beautiful that was not a result of hard labor. In the representative which was given in the poem, the beautiful feeling of sleep with. The speaker indicated that love is beautiful and it is not easily earned. A man needs to work to achieve the love of a woman.Merely knowing the feeling of love and not taking action upon it is not the true way of appreciating love. Lovers who work for their feelings are the good laborers, firearm those who keep their emotions are idlers. In the case of artists and poets, which seems to be the trade of the speaker, he who creates beauty by combining words to create an image that can convey a message are the true laborers. The businessmen and merchants who claim that they are lazy have no right to claim that they know the be auty in poetry or in paintings and many other forms of art.They have no right to attest that a work is of beauty because they do not select the labor that is behind it. They fail to accept that the secret of beauty is that it never looks like it has been labored upon. Its power is to trap lifes wonders and make it come forward at an arms reach. This is why it is relaxing and comforting. This is the message that the poem tries to convey. The writer is telling that artists and poets are not idlers. In fact, they have what may be considered as the biggest burden of all. They are to contemplate, imagine, and create a work that can console a sorrowing heart, or bring excitement to a bored soul.Their task is difficult as they are to hide hardships in their works. It is even worse than computing for the days sale. There is nothing routine in it, for routine can destroy its essence. Adams curse that made laboring necessary is a curse that is heaviest on an artists shoulder joint and this is what Yeats conveyed in his poetry.Works CitedWilliam Butler Yeats. 2009. Nobelprize. org. 27 April 2009 http//nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1923/yeats-bio. html . Yeats, William Butler. 1902. Adams Curse the beckoning. com. 27 April 2009 http//www. thebeckoning. com/poetry/yeats/yeats4. html .

Cuban American education

A Cuban American is a United States citizen who traces his ancestry to Cuba. Many communities in the United States have many people from the Cuba American community. This pagan diversity has brought numerous debates on the nature of education to be offered on these citizens. Most of the Cuban immigrants settled in the St. Augustine, Florida. After the united states claimed Florida from Spain, closely of the Cubans were mainstreamed into the American culture. The Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro necessitated the increase in the number of the immigrants to the US.These immigrants were of diametrical education backgrounds and contrary professions. Sourcehttp//usinfo. state. gov/scv/history_geography_and_population/population_and_diversity/hispanic_americans. html Cuban American students have for long been considered at jeopardize in the American educational system. A better understanding of the diverse ethnical experiences can help to negate this risk. This understanding, this paper enhances development of the students towards being responsible members of the wider society. The analyses given are based on the students background and how it affects their performance in the nation education.Student profiles based on dissimilar indicators of academic achievement and school orientation low-achieving and weakly oriented, (2) low-achieving and strongly oriented, (3) high-achieving and moderately oriented, (4) high achieving and strongly oriented. This analyses show that most of the Cuban American low achievers and this greatly contributed poor quality of the private school which most of this children attend to. The local community cannot be able to collect tax in order to protract the development of quality education because they are poor and they dont have property where they can collect tax.(Jeanne, 2004) Most of children coming from the diverse backgrounds in the United States mostly attend the universe school, which are able to offer the young learner s with the first language skills. The children who speak language other than side of meat make from working class homes. The general schools as such consider the individual needs of the different races deep down the United States by providing education for the minority of the different cultural backgrounds. Most private school usually use English as the only medium of communication and as such they charge highly.New Yorks Lycee Francais uses French extensively on the other hand Miamis Loyola school uses Spanish extensively as the medium of communication. This shows that there is a declamatory difference between the public schools and the private school in the United States in vary many divergent ways. This paper endeavors to present a brainy analysis of such trends of education their weaknesses, their strengths in relation the diverse culture. Dade country, Florida comprises the many cities such as Miami and Hialeah and other surrounding areas mostly contain large come of His panic populations.Most of these Hispanic populations are coming from Cuba and few come from Spain and Mexico. These Hispanic people use Spain as the language as the medium of communication. These schools within this context of use use Spanish language as the medium of communication they basically run by people of the Cuban arising. The schools, which offer such services in this Spanish language, are usually the public schools. The private schools are deemed to be expensive and they are for the elite people. The whole of this locality there were two elite schools commonly attended by the Cuban American children whose parents enjoy the upper class status.The public school have been referred as ethic schools meant for the low income earners and in this region most people are very poor and as such they cope their children to this public school. Those members of this similar region who enjoy the high economic statuses take their children to the private school basically meant for eli te members of the community. Bilingual education polity has been a unity force in the United States. The children of Cuban American origin receive instructions at school in Spanish, which considered as their first language.The public schools prefer the use of the learners first language. This has created linguistic and curriculum disparity within the system of education. For instance the Cuban American children become more proficiency in Spanish than English. This denies Cuban American children a chance to communicate effectively later since the official language for communication in the United States is English. The current shift in terms of the education system is towards the bilingual education polity practice, which has been found to be the most effective way of considering the minority.Here the learners are given an opportunity to study under the many languages. For instance those children from the Spanish origin are allowed to study using Spanish and English. The English i n this context is taught as the second language. The United States federal government supports such program of bilingual education, which is aimed at promoting equity and unity among the citizens. However it is factual that the bilingual education system has also created structures that perpetuate social and political divisions.In addition the bilingual education policy has been known as the major hindrance to the development of the English language. The first and second languages can be developed simultaneously in such public school setting. Despite the reforms, children and the teachers have not changed their behavior of cultural identity. The changes have not been implemented especially from the part of teachers and the communities. The inability to speak and understand English has denied most the native speakers issue opportunities denying them a chance to participate actively in the education issues of national nature.The curriculum design has such is not constant at all sinc e the media of instructions use different divergent languages. In terms of curriculum there are different texts, teachers for students who use a different language than English. It was argued that there is no equality at all by providing students with the same facilities, textbooks, teachers and curriculum for students who do not understand English since they are brim to find their classroom lessons quite incomprehensible. This is considered imposition of rules that cannot assist an individual.The English basic skills are important in these public skills so as to equip the learner with necessary skills that can enhance national participation. But because the children cannot learn in a language they do not understand the first language should the sign medium of instruction and then English should be used as a second language. Education has the net effect of creating a better world-wide economy, those who have d unitary in the 21st century well. From this fundamental fact, 21st cen tury is dependent on science and technology that is why education is pickings a new shift in the United States of America.The following are some of the indicators of the disparities experienced in the Cuban American education system. Inequity in schoolhouse Financing School financing comes from three sources Federal, state, and local funds (with most funds coming from states). Education has the largest expenditure in the state budget. Whether it is more expensive to educate Cuban Americans is not an issue for debate the issue is that the areas where Cuban American children reside are usually low-wealth areas that generate less living from property taxes.In most cases, districts have to pass bond referendums to rebuild schools, which are often not supported by the global voting public. Therefore, school districts with concentrations of Cuban American students remain under funded and must seek other means of support. School Segregation and Poverty. Today, Cuban American students ar e experiencing higher rates of sequestration in school systems than are any other group of students. A recent report of the Harvard Project on School Desegregation to the National School Boards Association describes the changing patterns of segregation and poverty.The study found that segregation by race is strongly correlated with segregation by poverty and the study provides national data demonstrating that Cuban American students are much more likely than white students to be in schools that are segregated and poorly funded. Under archetype of Cuban American among School Personnel Most of the administrators and educational policy makers are white who determine the nature of education system to be offered. A study conducted by Meier and Stuart, for instance, showed that Cuban American representation on school boards and in the teaching profession is of a very low number.On a general perspective there are too few Cuban American teachers, counselors, and administrators in the educ ation system. Multicultural Training for School Personnel Teacher insensitiveness to cultural and linguistic diversity often influences a student to become alienated from the school system teachers. Bilingual education is the use of two languages, one of which is English, as a means of instruction. This implies that an educator must be Spanish-speaking in order to be a good and effective instructor of Cuban American students. The problem can only be solved if enough teachers who have bilingual skills are recruited into the mainstream.Testing and Assessment. Many Latino students never reach their beat potential due to inappropriate and inaccurate uses of testing and assessment. Conclusion It is recognized those generations of Cuban American students in U. S. public education are at risk due to serious inadequacies in the educational system. Thus far, the system has been unable to meet the needs of those students. Among other inequities, there continues to exist a disparity in schoo l funding, a lack of effective Bilingual and ESL education programs, a lack of trained teachers, and a misuse of testing and assessment.The quality of education is invariably decreasing as time goes by in the Cuban Americans. These multiple factors have greatly contributed to decreasing rates of college attendance by the Cuban American students. This is because the educational structures favor the white and the rich people. Reforming of the public school is one very important way of promoting education of the Cuban American education. Testing and having a uniform curriculum will eventually decrease all these disparities caused by poverty and racial discrimination.Proper methods of funding the federal government should be considered to be the most suitable way of achieving common educational objectives. To address these issues and policy areas, effective educational models must incorporate high-quality standards, equitable financial support, and diverse language and cultural knowled ge. Parent and school collaboration must be specified in all plans of action. Long-term, strategic plans must be developed through collaborative approaches with the public and private sectors at the local, state, and national level to monitor and to ensure a high standard of educational attainment among Cuban Americans.References Baker C. (2006). Policy and practise in Bilingual Education A Reader Extending the Foundations. Multilingual Publishers. Krashen, S. (1996). Under attack The case against bilingual education. Culver City CA Language Education Associates. Jeanne S. (2004). The academic Achievement Challenge Guiford press. State Profiles Bilingual Education States Bilingual Education status www. proenglish. org/issues/education/beindex. html Education Elite Cuban-American school admits black students www. uscsca. org/caaef. htm http//usinfo. state. gov/scv/history_geography_and_population/population_and_diversity/hispanic_americans. html

Latin American Literature Essay

It should be state that Latin American Literature of the 20th century demonstrates perfect connection amongst the generations the past and the Modern. The most discernible literary figures use the affluent history, mythology and spiritual bound in the midst of the generations in order to demonstrate strong connection of their nation with the events and people who lived in the quaint clocks and differed a lot from the present day realities.Many powers want to reveal that the spirit of the Ancient tribes living on the territory of contemporary Latin America is the most valuable heritage of contemporary people, connecting them with the past. It goes without saying that literary creations of the outstanding authors, living in the Latin American region, reflect the intentions to manifest latterly connection of the different nations with their Ancient past, celebrating the unity of Ancient and Modern traditions within the nations of independent Latin American Countries. It is e ssential that the question of the Ancient heritage in Latin America is among the quite acute.That is why it is non surprising that it has found reflection in the outstanding 20th century novels, which take a probatory place in Latin American Literary Heritage. They are The fabricator by Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa, written in 1987 and Where the blood line is Clear by outstanding Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes, released in far 1958. Despite the significant difference in genre and plot structure these novels are united down the stairs the one theme. They reveal the close connection of the modern Latin American society with the past.The core idea of this research is to reveal this connection between the superannuated and the modern within the pages of these books. Where the Air is Clear by Carlos Fuentes and close connection of the Modern ground to the Ancient heritage. Where the Air Is Clear is the first novel, written by Carlos Fuentes and from the very beginning the aut hor raised quite burning questions and important themes. One novels heroes, Ixca Cienfuegos, plays quite a significant cultural mathematical function in the novel, which is written in the form of character sketches collection in the Mexico City.Ixca Cienfuegos is connecting all separate parts within the pages of a book. Masterful combination of different techniques let the author represent the dynamical development of Mexico after the revolution at the time period of nearly a decade, 1940s and 1950s. It should be noned that the key figures of the novel is Mexico City itself and the author reveals cultural peculiarities describing the life of the city. The author takes the adopter into the fascinating trip around the streets of Mexico City, dealing with some pages of its history.The novel could not be regarded as the typical analysis of the city dwellers the author masterfully notes all the drawbacks incisively describing Mexico City inhabitants. He shows Federico Robles, who is a banker Norma Robles, a social mounter Ovando family, who was rich before the revolution, but lost everything after Rodrigo Polo, Mexican writer, who suffered during the revolution as his father was executed, Amerindian Gladys, who sells her body and certainly Ixca Cienfuegos, who is real critic and observer of the hearty system.Carlos Fuentes, as a deterrent example of Magic realism, could not avoid showing the reader the question of solitude and identity of Mexico, its loss in the labyrinth, understanding that at that place in no other country in Latin America, which obsessively seeks for it personal identity, returning again to its history and moving ahead. The country feels itself lost between the motherland (with all its cultural traditions and peculiarities) and the adopted land.With the help of different literary elements such as disjointed writing style, flashback, the stream of consciousness, non-chronological recount of events and alternation of narration forms, the a uthor masterfully performs the surreal atmosphere of the constant search, which is one f the briny themes of the novel. To find the correlation between the present and the past is very difficult for the main heroes of the novel and each of them touches the question of identity.It should be noted that the most surreal element of the novel is Mexico City, which is depicted as one of the core figures of the novel this makes Where the Air is Clear outstanding from the other novels dealing with the question of national identity. The book itself essentially represents the quest for national identity in Mexico in the post rotatory times. Placing Mexico City as a central Figure, Carlos Fuentes shift the role of all the human characters to the background due to the fact that their lives and past experience correlate with the ancient intention of definition the culture and history of the country.The question if perfectly revealed through the confrontation of the present day reality with it s past, and the reader understand that this conflict has been pertinacious for already many years. The following quote perfectly illustrates the confrontation But does such a thing as original blood exist? No every pure element grows and is consumed in its own purity, does not develop the original is the impure, the mixed, the mulatto and the mestizo, as I am, as all of Mexico is. Which is to say, originality supposes a mixing, a creation, not a purity preceding(prenominal) to our experience.Rather than born original, we come to be original origin is creation. Mexico must find her origin by looking ahead, not behind (Carlos Fuentes, 1958, p. 44). The present day reality of the country could hardly correlate to the past of the Aztec Empire, its beliefs, hopes and cultural peculiarities. But the author makes a stress not on the confrontation and conflict he tries to reveal that the Mexican identity and cultural peculiarity is the mixture of two different, even opposite cultures.The European Tradition and the Indian tradition the history of Mexico, unites people of different origins, race and thought and every hero of the novel proves that, as every character is a certain fable of different Mexican aspects, and if we integrate the histories of the heroes, we could reveal that it is the actual Mexican identity, in the rum integration of many different cultures.The story that seemed to be a disoriented is a surrealist approach of the Author, who makes a stress on the division of Mexico and its unwillingness to perceive itself as interracial community. Such surrealist technique of writing let Carlos Fuentes to show the reader his personal and vividly portrayal vision of Mexico a confronting country with unclear identity It goes without saying that sharp division between the social classes in the 1950-s Mexico adds a lot in the constant quest for the national identity.If we look back in the history of Mexico, the Aztecs were on the top of social ranking, under t he time of Aztec empire everything was subjected to their will the situation in Where the Air Is Clear is quite opposite the indigenous Indians are on the lowest place in the Mexican society (good illustration is prostitute Gladys). Another conflict is also observed. The new and the past governing classes also involved in the confrontation. The impoverished Ovando family is contrasted to Nora Robles, the contemporary representative of the upper Mexican Classes.One of the most powerful scenes is her meeting with Lorenza de Ovando, bitter aristocratic matriarch. Here we could observe allusion on the Modern Mexico and the Past one. The country, which rejects her Aztec past, its Gods, myths and cultural traditions The Storyteller Mario Vargas Llosa, and close connection of the Modern world to the Ancient heritage. Mario Vargas Llosa tells us a story of two college friends the anonymous storyteller (some critics consider that the author introduced himself) and his friend, Saul Zurantas, a Peruvian Jew.They both very interesting time at college, studying ethnography, they had a number of philosophical disputes. As it usually happens the friendship was erased after graduation. The narrator was intended to find a scholarship and continue his studies abroad and his friend was seen at college seldom and finally disappeared. It was told that he either immigrated to Israel or lost somewhere in the jungle in the east of Peru within the Machiguenga people. The narrator graduated and started his career as a member of the field theme from the Institute of philology and further he became television documentaries producer.During this time he did not stop attempts to contact his lost friend Saul, intended to learn more about the cultural peculiarities of Machiguenga tribes, but unfortunately he failed. Only in the very beginning appears a haunting image, which narrator had at a Florentine Art Gallery. He recognized Saul Zurantas as the Machiguengas tribal storyteller on the phot ographs. The book unites and compares the chapters told by the narrator and the ones telling the reader of the Peruvian Indian Mythology. It makes the reading rich on the contrast.One chapter describes the discussion between Saul Zurantas and the narrator what impact provided the missionaries alongside with the business interest from the west on the unique nature of the Machiguenga tribes and culture. This chapter is elongated with the national folklore telling about the spirit world, the animals and elements. It would be hard to reveal whether it is the voice of Saul Zurantas or the Machiguenga storyteller tells about mystical connection between the nature and the people.These two viewpoints thought provoking dialogues contrasted to the national tales is revealing the importance of come uping the unique cultures that are under the threat of westernization and loss of their identity. Saul Zurantas, of Jewish origin understands this more than the local Peruvians, that is why he is the storyteller, the one who keeps the connection between the generations, collecting the story of the legendary past. The book is not an easy to read as it has deep philosophical background.It provided a number of burning questions such as the investigation of the other cultures by the anthropologists and how these people, living outside of the civilized world could fit to the major society. The whole question civilization is raised within the pages of the book, the question of the lost heritage, where social anthropologist Saul Zurantas took the place of the story teller, to refer unique Machiguenga culture, which is located in the depth of the rainforests of the Amazon River.Who is purer or happier because hes renounced his destiny The storyteller asked when he walked in the jungle with the Machiguengatribes, who should constantly roam to keep their obligation to the gods and keep save the Earth and the Sky and the Stars. Nobody, the storyteller replied. Wed best be what we are. The one who gives up fulfilling his own obligation so as to fulfill that of another will lose his soul (Mario Vargas Llosa, 1987). It is deeply spiritual novel, which deals about strong connection between the people of different times.The author tells us that the old tales could not leave anyone indifferent, as they are the part of the history and the part of the culture. Conclusion In the end I would like to make a stress on the fact that both authors reveal strong importance of the past for the present day world. It is important to keep the connection between the generations, to preserve cultural identity and the past could not be neither changes nor forgotten, as national identity of the country strongly deals with the question of the cultural heritage of the previous cultures.The Ancient Maya Tribes and Ancient Aztec have left rich cultural heritage for the Mexicans and the Peruvians and present day people should care and protect this heritage, understanding that the role of th e Ancient in our present day Modern is really significant. References Fuentes, Carlos. Where the Air Is Clear. Dalkey Archive Press orig. 1958 2004 Llosa, Mario Vargas. The Storyteller. Picador orig. 1987 2001 Taube. Karl. Aztec and Maya Myths. Austin University of Texas,1993 Gerald, Martin. Journeys through the Labyrinth Latin American Fiction of the ordinal Century. Verso 1989

Low Interest Rate Long Term Effect

Low Interest Rates Long Term Effect The prolonged junior-grade gear- elicit site surround is transforming the banking industry from savings and loans to service and loans, said Dan Geller, executive vice president of research firm securities industry Rates Insight in San Anselmo, Calif. (Fitzpatrick) Consumers may think that the continued upset cheer order be a profound thing, but banks on the other hand think much differently. Consumers argon refinancing their houses at judge as low as 2. 875%, while big banks like Hudson City Bancorp Inc. , a owe lender, are being forced to contend themselves to M&T Bank Corp.These super low absorb order are complicating the industrys journey to a recovery from the financial crisis. In the depot Low Rates Pummel Banks, from the Wall Street Journal, Dan Fitzpatrick further explains the negative effect of long term low post rates. Fitzpatrick describes it as Borrowers Benefit, but Industry Lending Profits Hit Lowest aim in Three Year s. (Fitzpatrick) Usually, we would believe it to be true that lower gratify rates are a good thing, because they charter it cheaper to borrow. Like so, in that location are those in support of the lower rates for example, the cater and the consumers.For the past four years, since the 2008 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve Board had been trying to bounce cover the US economy. The short term amuse rates are extremely low and by purchasing more bonds they are reducing long-term rates. In all this has lowered the Ten-year U. S Treasury yields to 1. 43%, the lowest since World War II. (Fitzpatrick) The Feds see this as a positive because they believe the low rates change magnitude the economic growth along with employment. They support their belief by stating that the low rates make it easier and cheaper for companies and individuals to borrow money.These low rates developed, in part due to the Fed, have sprung a rush in the owe refinancing industry. The growth in mortgage re financing has assisted fee revenue at two study companies, J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. and Wells Fargo & Co. , which control well-nigh half of the mortgage market. Wells Fargo decided to keep nearly $10 billion of residential mortgages, which they would sanely sell to investors just in search of more yield. Fitzpatrick speaks of a woman in N. Y. , Katherine Karl, which was able to refinance her house at 2. 875%, who expresses that her desire to refinance was because of the istoric low of concern rates. Many others like Karl have also taken opportunities to refinance their homes. Although those companies have survived, and Karl lowered her rate by 2. 5 percentage points, not all are seeing such positive effects. In an name by Robin Sidel of the Wall Street Journal, Regional Bank Lands Big-City Deal, we heap see the downside of these low interest rates. (Sidel) Hudson City, a mortgage lender based in Parmus, N. J. , has 135 branches, and has assets of $43. 6 billion, decided to sell itself to M&T Bank Corp. , which is a regional bank.Hudson Citys loan portfolio was bouffantly rivet in mortgages, due to the drop in interest rates and the refinancing, the value of the portfolio dropped along with the interest rates. one time Hudson City had started to see a devalue of their portfolio, they had considered transforming themselves into a commercial lender. However, after much thought the top dog Executive Ronald Hermance decided this would take too long and increase their staff tremendously. (Sidel)This then led to the selling of Hudson City to M&T Bank Corp. If interest rates continue to remain low we can expect to see more mergers and smaller banks selling out.In Chapter 5 of the book, there is an application called Explaining Low Japanese Interest Rates, which can help better understand the negative effect of low interest rates. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Japanese interest rates became the lowest in the world, in November of 1998, the interest rate on Ja panese six-month Treasury bills actually deformed negative. In correlation with the extremely low interest rates was a prolonged recession, which was followed with deflation. As we learned in the book, the negative inflation causes an increase in the demand for bonds, because of the decrease in expected return on real assets.This in turn caused the demand curve to shift to the right. The negative inflation also raised the real interest rate, thereby causing the supply of bonds to adjust, moving the supply curve to the left. In the end this led to an increase in the bond price and a decrease of interest rates. In the book it explains to us that the interest rate is negatively related to the bond price. In other words, when the equilibrium bond price rises, the equilibrium interest rate falls and vise-versa. There are other factors which led to the down fall of interest rates in the Japanese market.For example, the lack of profitable investments opportunities in Japan, and the busine ss cycle contraction and the decrease of wealthiness during the business cycle contractions. These all would lead to the increase in bond price and the decrease of interest rates. This application give tongue tos us that low interest rates are not a good thing. In Japans case, the low and negative interest rates were a sign that their economy was in trouble with falling prices and a contracting economy. The interest leave behinding only rise back to normal levels when their economy returns back to a better economy.Fitzpatrick goes on to explain that because of the low interest rates banks will have to consider new ways to make money like Hudson City considered, by offer other services. However, higher cost of those banking services could lead to losing customers in the financial world which would then in return have a negative effect. He predicts that Over time, subdues bank profits are promising to accelerate a shakeout that has halved the number of insured institutions over the past two decades. (Fitzpatrick) He states this will hap by the pressure for smaller banks to take advantage of new technologies.The banks are suffering from the low interest rates in more ways than one. The low interest rates affect the banks benefit of holding depositors cash at the low rates. The problem with this is that many banks are stuck with a large increase in money to invest during which returns on securities are decreased. These deposit rates are at their lowest since the 50s. (Fitzpatrick) Another way banks are suffering is due to the fact that they bet on higher-yielding mortgage bonds before rates fall. To counteract their losses banks are increasing loan prices.They are doing this in hopes of regaining their losses from the low interest rates, or refinancing of mortgages. In conclusion, although the low interest rates show a profit for some, the long term effect of low interest rates is bad for us. The low interest rates are a sign that are economy is in trouble, opposite of what the Fed is trying, just as in Japan. For our economy to return to a healthy economy, the interest rates will need to return to a normal level. Many banks will be forced to merger or sell out. Other banks will be forced to create new services. There will be an increased cost in the banking system, by increasing loan prices.The financial crisis and the Fed attempt to fort the economy have proven to be the derivative of the low interest rates which is driving the banking system, and mortgage lenders into chaos. Fitzpatrick describes it perfectly by quoting Mr. Lied saying Many smaller banks will throw in the towel and sell, as Hudson City did, if low rates persist, Mr. Lied said. There are no magic bullets and there is no easy answer. Works Cited Fitzpatrick, Dan. Low Rates Pummel Banks. Wall Street Journal 23 October 2012 A1. Sidel, Robin. Regional Bank Lands Big-City Deal. Wall Street Journal 28 August 2012 C1.

Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud: Early Influences Essay

Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud two of the best kn take call in psychiatry each had tremendous roles in the field of psychoanalysis. Born nearly twenty long time apart, they met in 1907 (Kendra blood-red ), and their eldest conversation was ruto a greater extentd to mystify lasted thirteen hours, they had such a good rapport. Jung currently worked under Sigmund Freud and they became great friends, although Freud was more of a preceptor figure to Jung. Although they both(prenominal) had similar thoughts on bring out of psyche development, they differed in significant ways, and those differences eventually drove them apart.Although Jung did believe, like Freud, that sexual choose often had a great influence on behavior, he felt that Freud did non go far enough, and that this was lonesome(prenominal) iodin contributor to peoples personalities and issues. Jungs theories reflected a much more religious component, and Sigmund Freuds theories were base in scientific evidence. The obvious question might be, how did their own lives and early experience shaped their theories? Sigmund Freud was born(p) in May 6, 1856, in what is now the Czech Republic.His family was large, wealthy and Jewish, and young Siggie, as his mother called him, was not only the oldest of six children but had two half brothers from his fathers first marriage. Although initially religious, spiritism took a back seat when his family went bankrupt and moved to Vienna. It then became important to encourage Sigmund academically, so he could become a doctor and help the family financially. Because of this, he was the only sibling to have his own way to concentrate on his studies, which may have fed his feeling of importance.Also, in those Victorian times, people check their sexual drives, and perhaps this was a major motivator for Freud. He was influenced by science Darwins, The Origin of the Species, was first published just after Freud was born. Science was Freuds religion. Freud was genu inely an atheist as an adult (WGBH educational Foundation , 2004). His precept was that religion was something that someone had to overcome and religion basically was an expression of underlying psychological neuroses and distress ( Kendra Cherry).He pursued the link between the physical and psychological, and his fathers death in 1896 caused him to delve even deeper into the world of dreams and the unconscious. He definitely believed in the role of repressed sexual lot in parental relationships and later, adult relationships as causing some of the problems people faced. Jung, who agreed that sexual drive was a factor, also thought Freud was very negative. Jung was born in 1975 in Switzerland. He was the fourth and only surviving child of his parents, Paul, a pastor (Carl Jung Biography, 2012), and Emilie, his mother.His father was a fairly poor, although his was given a more prestigious parish later on. His mother was from a wealthy family. Young Carl soon learned to trust his father more for his consistency, as his mother suffered from depression and spent much time alone in her room, claiming invigorate visited her there. At one point in Carls life, she was hospitalized, and he was sent to live with his spinster aunt. Carl Jung grew up solitary and alone with his thoughts he was an introvert. When Jung was growing up, he had a fascination with mystical phenomena.In fact, although his family was Christian, he was more drawn towards the occult and mystical beliefs, and his mother read to him about exotic religions and shared her own mystical beliefs. He had some early experiences, such as his creation of the wooden mannequin he hid in the attic, that reinforced his idea that a collective unconscious of ancestral, spectral origins played a great role in peoples lives. He combined medicine with philosophy in many ways, and experienced strange phenomena early on that later became important contributors to his theories of the unconscious and the role of s pirituality in psychological development.Unlike Freud, Jung felt religious belief was necessary to development. Perhaps his role as a Swiss doctor during WWI, and seeing the carnage, reinforced his belief in the necessity of spirituality in a persons life. Jung, with his lesser emphasis on sex drive and his religious bent, might be something of a prude in his personal life, but he was not. Married with five children, he actually had a rather open marriage, with many sexual relationships. By this time, however, Jung had had a falling out with Freud, whom he ironically accused of being too obsessed with sexuality alone.In the end, the break may have been when Jung published his book about transformative symbols, which included mythical symbols. Freud, of course, thought this was nonsense. Jungs belief in individuation, which was the spiritual journey to bring the two sides of a persons psyche together, rejected Freuds belief that there was a clear, scientific reason, rooted in physiol ogy, for everything. It is easy to see, in looking at both m ens lives and childhoods, how their very different experiences shaped their theories. Freud and Jung, themselves, are good examples of what, in fact, influences a persons personality.Bibliography Kendra Cherry. (n. d. ). Freud & Religion . Retrieved from About http//psychology. about. com/od/sigmundfreud/p/freud_religion. htm Carl Jung Biography. (2012, Nov 12). Retrieved from Soul Therapy Now http//soultherapynow. com/articles/carl-jung. html Kendra Cherry . (n. d. ). Sigmund Freud Photobiography. Retrieved from About http//psychology. about. com/od/sigmundfreud/ig/Sigmund-Freud-Photobiography/Freud-and-Jung. htm WGBH Educational Foundation . (2004). The Life of Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from PBS http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/questionofgod/twolives/freudbio. html.