Homosexuality in the Contemporary Society

Table of Contents Introduction Homosexuality in the Contemporary Society Common Good for All What is Morally Good? Christianity Vs Homosexuality Conclusion References Introduction I just finished reading an article published in The Windsor Star journal by Don Lajoie, August 9, 2011, where a pair got themselves 36 months of imprisonment for assaulting a gay man allegedly because of his homosexuality. The victim explained that the couple â€Å"did use anti-homosexual slurs during the attack,† (Lajoie 2011, Para. 3).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Homosexuality in the Contemporary Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I have always thought that the contemporary society is a democratized world where everyone is allowed to mind their own business but after reading this article, I now have doubts about that. No doubt there are people who cannot withstand other people’s sexuality and will even go as far as physically attacking the individual probably to ‘instill some sense into his perverted mind’ so he will join them on the other side of life- the side of, as they call it, normal people. Homosexuality in the Contemporary Society With more people coming up clean and confessing their sexual status, more debates on gayism have been stirred. Most of the people receive the news with feelings of abhorrence and indignation and they are not hesitant to express their feelings even if it means beating the hell out of a gay person (like the couple in this article). On the other hand, there is always a group of human right activists who never miss out in action on the foregoing of everything concerning human beings- not to forget some concern themselves with animal rights. And of course, there are others who are indifferent to these kinds of stories leaving the ground for the other two groups. The big question that arises is, is it morally right for two people of the same sex status to engage in sexual intercourse and even culminate their relationship by walking down the aisle? We cannot deny that the number of people who are gay is quite alarming. There are a number of even the most famous people who have come out openly and declared that they are gay. People like Ellen DeGeneres and Christian Anderson are not alien to our ears. One would think that after all this, people will get used to the idea of a living with people of a different sexuality other than theirs. But apparently, this will never happen, at least not in the near future. We never stop listening to cases people who are daily harassed, whether being physically assaulted or being hurled at with insults, by the members of the public because of their homosexuality. Most of them are discriminated against and even isolated by their own families. Common Good for All We are always in a continuous journey headed towards a society that is fully democratized and liberalized. Our leaders are cons tantly engaged in a battle for individual fundamental rights. This is because every individual should be allowed enough freedom to live his/her life as he pleases. What happened to the believe that we should not be discriminatory against each other regardless of sex, gender, race, religion or on any other ground. We should all endeavor to create harmony amongst ourselves for the public good.Advertising Looking for article on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More So what exactly is public good? I should think that what will be of public good is when an individual is able to choose his own path of life and follow it without fear of being discriminated or of being assaulted or insulted. In other words, a person will be allowed to create his own values and judgments and act on them without attracting ill feelings from the public so long as it is what he feels that works for him, for his own good. The human good should b e what we choose as good for ourselves. In other words, the homosexuals are looking for recognition and acceptance from the general society. Those who refuse to be associated with this idea are labeled conservatives, traditionalists, old-fashioned, and sexists, even primitive. Christianity has especially been on the receiving end of this kind of criticism. The media and the big figures view them as fundamentalists and use this to discredit Christians who hold the belief that a man was created for a woman and vice-versa. They refer to them as social conservatives who have stubbornly refused to adapt to changing times. No one can explain why this is not being seen as a violation of the same fundamental rights which they themselves have always fought for, as a lack of tolerance to different views and practices from their side, for the common good for all. What is Morally Good? Can we formulate our own values and beliefs which we consider being right for us and then proceed to follow th em and tolerate no criticism from other people? In one of the feature article a gay person was quoted saying that â€Å"For us, having safer sex means feeling good about who we are as gay men,† (Bartram 1994, Para. 5). They view gayism as a blessing as opposed to a curse, as other people view it, which should be upheld rather than be embarrassed about. A columnist on the Toronto stars asked; â€Å"†Why should they (the homosexuals) be forbidden the same physical expressions of tenderness and love most people enjoy†¦?† (Gwyn 2011, Para. 3). So are we actually justified to deny them something so basic in life? May be not. So we continue with our question, what can be classified as good? Most of the people will tell you that what is good is what brings happiness or pleasure to them. So the liberal will argue that if something yields happiness then the whole society should adopt it. So can we conclusively say that it is good for two people of the same sex to get married? What if we allow them to continue with their lifestyles? We will be allowing an erosion of morals where every person will be seeking protection to continue with their vices. The prostitutes will come out asking for recognition, for acceptance, for protection. In the end there will be having all manner of ‘values’ particular to each individual. But can we live without any standard guiding principles for everyone to adhere to and uphold?Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Homosexuality in the Contemporary Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christianity Vs Homosexuality For so long, the Christians conception of right or wrong was applied for all our ethical as well as political policies. The biblical view is that of God as the law giver and thus the determinant of right or wrong. He defines moral law and sets the guidelines to be observed by the whole creation. According to the book of P salms, God is the representation of Good and uprightness; and therefore he is the one teach sinners and the whole creation the way. So God for one to qualify to be good he/she has to align to the will of God and whatever else that does not conform to this will is but evil. The bible, in the book of Genesis, prescribes to us the right sexual relations by saying that, a man shall leave his home and be united to his wife, upon which they will become one being. So Gods way is a man marrying a woman as that is how he intended it to be from the beginning when he created the woman for the man. In Corinthians Paul said that it is important for a woman to have a husband and a man to have a wife to avoid fornication. He did not leave room for other kinds of marriages; just a man and a woman. The book of Romans condemns the act of homosexuality in open and clear terms. Paul declares the wrath of God against all those who engage in ungodly and unrighteous acts and who have substituted the true way of life with unrighteousness. Paul here is expressing the disgust of God against those who have embraced ungodliness and unrighteousness and substituted the truth for the same. So what is this ungodliness that Paul is talking about? And what is the truth that they should uphold instead? Romans continue to tell us that, women deviated from the natural and acceptable way of deriving pleasure from their bodies and used it in a way that is against nature. The men also, left the natural use of a woman, and started lusting for other men and having sexual relations with men, a behavior which the bible describes as unseemly and which results into punishment. Thus the ungodliness that Paul was talking about is man having unnatural sexual relations. The unnatural refers to the act of a man lusting for a fellow man and a woman the same. Therefore, God delights doing what he himself has authorized through his own mouth or using the mounts of his anointed, through the bible. With this in min d we cannot close of our eyes to the fact that homosexuality has been condemned in the bible, the very basis of our moral principles. Timothy says that, the scripture is given through God’s inspiration, and is important for teaching, reprimand, correction, and for leading people into righteousness.Advertising Looking for article on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We as right thinking members of society should therefore not yield to the demands of the minority, to recognize homosexuality as a way of life. To do so would be to undermine the origin of our moral standing which originates from God himself. Conclusion Democracy calls for social justice for everyone. It requires that everyone be allowed to practice what he wants, how he/she wants it and whenever they want it. And this means of course that we should accommodate diverse beliefs and lifestyles. But Christians must not keep quiet and give up their democratic right to adhere to their own moral beliefs at the expense of the gay community. Christianity is more than just some moral guidelines. It is a way of life that every individual should be ready to adopt. All the values we uphold should be in line with the bible teachings and Christians should not shy away from correcting those who are ‘lost’. But we should not do this through kicks and brawls but through love and patienc e. The human behaviour is also governed by the public policies, on what the society thinks is right or wrong. The will of the society is embodied in our own legal laws, societal norms and traditions. The government should therefore draft legal policies that advocate for normal marriages between a man and a woman and not any other way. References Bartram, J. (May, 1994) A Sacred Gift from God: Globe and Mail. Toronto star Lajoie, D. (August 2011) 36 Months for Pair in Beating: The Windsor Star. Canada.com network Gwyn, R. (July 2011) The Good Society: Moral standards and the Current Debate on Homosexuality. Reformed Reflections This article on Homosexuality in the Contemporary Society was written and submitted by user Kole Jefferson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Example

Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Example Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Assess the Impact of Government Intervention in Ending the Great Depression in the Usa Essay Essay Topic: In the Us Letters From an american Farmer The Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929, marking the beginning of a decade filled with high unemployment, poverty and a loss of confidence in the economy. Industries and firms suffered greatly particularly in the agriculture, manufacturing and automobile sectors. The governments of the time led by Republican Herbert Hoover (1929-1932) and Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt (1933-1945) were critiqued heavily by society on how they responded to the depression. Their methods of intervention have attracted a number of views over the years in how effective they were in ending the depression. Hoover was seen as following a somewhat laissez-faireâ„ ¢ attitude when it came to the depression, highlighted in his limited attempts to halt this downward economic spiral. On the other hand, Roosevelt took immediate steps in trying to end the depression has soon as he came into office. When the depression began in 1929, Hoover was positive that the natural economic market forces would fix this downward spiral, therefore minimal government interference was required. He held the idea that the spiritual resources of the American peopleâ„ ¢ were linked to a free market and economic prosperity. He believed that relief measures were strictly for the local authorities and that private charities should take care of the needy and unemployed. He continued to take this position in 1931, where he believed that America had reached a turning point in the depression. He maintained his policy of a balanced budget and minimal government intervention. However, despite his stance, it was clear that Hoover could no longer remain inactive and turn a blind eye to the massive problems that were facing the USA. He indeed made many attempts to combat the depression, more than any president had done before. The problem was that no previous president had faced a depression of this magnitu de. Hooverâ„ ¢s administration set up a Farm Board to help keep the prices of farm produce steady. This would be done through buying surplus farm products at the commercial rate. However by 1932, the Farm Board had spent its budget of $500 million and grain prices fell again. This initiative had a substantial impact on the agricultural sector, and reflected highly on the governmentâ„ ¢s attempt at intervention. Hoover had made two mistakes with the Farm Board which led to its failure. He did not give them a big enough budget and he did not introduce laws to cut surpluses by reducing production. His efforts to persuade farmers to reduce production voluntarily also went unheard. Later on, President Roosevelt avoided making the same mistakes in 1933 when he tackled the problem of poverty amongst farmers. Tariffs were also increased as part of Hooverâ„ ¢s attempt to halt the depression. The Hawley Smoot Act was passed in 1930 which tariffs by 50% on 1000 farm products and manufactures goods that were imported from foreign countries. However this intervention also had a negative impact on halting the depression as countries retaliated by raising tariffs on American goods entering their country. This only decreased the level of trade in the USA and contributed to the downward economic spiral, thus having a disastrous impact for Hoover. Roosevelt later learned from this mistake and signed the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act in 1934 to gradually reduce tariffs. The next attempt that Hoover made to halt the depression was by promoting voluntarism among the American people. He encouraged firms and industries to adopt his policy of voluntary non-coerciveâ„ ¢ cooperation in an attempt to keep wages and production steady. This was not effective however in stopping high unemployment and l ower wages. Hooverâ„ ¢s most ambitious measure came in 1932 when he signed a bill which created the Emergency Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). This would authorise massive loans to insurance companies, railroad companies and banks allowing them to promote investment in the hope that this would fuel industrial recovery. The RFC was granted $500 million with the option of borrowing an additional $1.5 billion. Historian Fiona Venn highlight some of the problems with the RFC and how it had some negative impacts on America. She says that individual businesses were too worried by long-term business prospects that they were not interested in borrowing. She also says that these loans were aimed at restoring confidence in the whole economy rather than meeting the needs of the most vulnerable in it. Despite all of these attempts to halt the depression, none of them succeeded in getting the job. Hooverâ„ ¢s administration always fell short and their measures had a limited impact. Hoover failed to understand the magnitude of the problems and was not effective in coming up with ideas that would be capable of dealing with them. While Hoover was by no means unresponsive to the depression, he did lack the ability to properly combat the problems. He did not lack compassion or humanity as many people like to believe. Rather, his commitment to the Republican ideals of a balanced budget and free market economy, combined with his faith in voluntarism, override his capacity to remove American from the depression. Historians acknowledge that Hooverâ„ ¢s efforts to halt the depression were inadequate and absolutely useless in the face of unprecedented problems which were beyond his capabilities. Most American voters blamed Hoover and the Republicans for the depression. It was little surprise then that Democrat Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) won the 1932 presidential election in a landslide victory. FDR was a much more flexible and positive leader who was inclined to take action straight away on the problems that faced him. Many have praised Roosevelt as one of Americaâ„ ¢s greatest presidents. The quality of his success lied not so much in his political experience but in his personality. He was optimistic, intelligent, strong-willed and confident with a political awareness of the issues that were around him. FDR knew that action had to be taken right away to combat the depression, and this can be seen in the many interventions that he took in his first days of office. He achieved so much in his first 100 days as president that there is now a benchmark set for all future leaders to see if they can reach his success. While his measures did not eradicate the problems, they did hav e a huge positive impact in relieving economic hardship and attempting to lift the United States out of the depression. The economic situation had deteriorated even further by the time that Rooseveltâ„ ¢s inauguration had arrived in March 1933. FDR needed to act quickly in order to lift the public out of despair and address the many problems that were facing the nation. Historian Anthony Badger wrote that Roosevelt lifted the paralysing fear that had settled on the country the first modern American president who could carry his message directly to the people.â„ ¢ FDR came into office pledging a new deal for the American people.â„ ¢ This led to an unprecedented level of activity in his famous first 100 days, which was aimed to lift the USA out of the depression. Roosevelt invited a group of able and confident lawyers and businessman to generate many ideas and create enthusiasm about combating the depression. This group was known as the Brain Trust. With the help of these men as well as his administration, Roosevelt launched a program of emergency measures to tackle the depression, which would later become known at the 100 Days.â„ ¢ The 100 days program had three main aims: to stop people from starving and descending into poverty; to revive the American economy; and to reform the USA as a great country. The First New Deal is another name for the series of economic programs and legislation put into place to tackle the depression. The aim of this was to save American capitalism and this was done through a variety of measures. In March 1933, Roosevelt declared a four day bank holiday in response to all of the banks which had been forced out of business. The meant that the government closed all of the national banks and prevented people from withdrawing their savings. After carrying our detailed enquiries, the government allowed some of the banks which were considered honest to be re-opened. They also gave them loans to continue operating. These reforms had a significant impact in moving America forward and beating the depression as it restored the publicâ„ ¢s faith in the banking system. Another measure from FDR was reducing the value of the American dollar by 40%, in the hope that it would make American products cheaper for foreigners to buy and thus increase export sales, which wo uld boom the economy. FDR also set up the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), which would provide $500 million to help the states pay for emergency schemes such as soup kitchens for the homeless. This was an effective step to tacking the depression as it occupied 4 million people by the winter of 1933. At the same time the problems facing farmers and the average homeowner were deteriorating. A quarter of the farmers had lost their land and thousands of householders had lost their homes. This was because they were not able to make the repayments on their mortgage. To try and fix this issue, Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass two new government bodies which would help these groups. The Farms Credit Administration (FCA) made loans to 20% of farmers, while the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) made loans to over a million householders to prevent them from losing their property. This initiative was actually quite effective as it took much of the pressure off the banks. Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in an attempt to increase the incomes of farmers. This was another intervention measure that had significant impacts, particularly on the agriculture industry. It was to be done by the government paying farmers to destroy existing crops and to cut back on future production so that prices would increase for farmers and they could use the extra cash to buy manufactured goods. Whilst many farmers did receive extra income from this initiative, the cost of manufactured goods was rising, defeating the whole purpose of the plan. Some farmers were even left worse off after the AAA was passed because the owners of the land evicted them in order to claim subsidies. On the other hand, farmers who owned their land benefited greatly from the AAA. Another important government intervention was the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which was a relief measure developed to improve land conservation. This was one of the major aims of the New Deal. The CCC enlisted men between the ages of 18-25 whose parents were unemployed, who would do jobs such as planting trees, building reservoirs and clearing beaches. The men were quite happy to do this as they were provided with food and clothing as well as a wage of $30 a month. Some people criticised the CCC however as being a cheap labour scheme, yet joining was not compulsory and there was never a shortage of volunteers. Despite all of these initiatives, unemployment was still high and industrial production relatively low. However, the government was seen to be doing something about the depression and this gave the public confidence in their leaders. FDR encouraged this feeling with his radio broadcasts and explained his policies to the American people in simply, friendly language. He also encouraged the public to write to him about their problems and received up to 800 letters a day. Roosevelt was definitely a peopleâ„ ¢s president and one of the most popular leaders of his time. The alphabet agencies that were created was another effective scheme by FDR which were aimed at organising millions of people into jobs. It began with the 100 days and involved various legislation aimed at relief, reform and recovery.â„ ¢ One of these organisations was the National Recovery Administration (NRA) which aimed to persuade industries to introduce codes of fair practice which would maintain wages and prices above a certain level. Employers were encouraged to improve working conditions by providing a minimum wage and abolishing child labour. In return, businesses would be promoted favourbly to consumers. Roosevelt tried to build up enthusiasm for the NRA through large advertising campaigns. While these seemed to be working at first, there were still many difficulties. Some employers broke the codes of employment and small businesses found it hard to make a profit. Despite the various actions that Roosevelt took and his efforts with the New Deal, there was still many problems and much criticism. As the New Deal progressed, it became obvious that relief and recovery measures were inadequate to meet the enormous needs of US society. The American economy was in a state of collapse. There was still the huge issue of unemployment even with the significant amounts of public spending and hectic legislation in 1933. The New Deal modified American capitalism by providing for an increased government role in the supervision and regulation of the economy. Yet, even after the effects of the New Deal had been seen, American remained one of the most backward industrial nations of the world. In his election promise of 1932, Roosevelt had promised to balance the budget. By 1934 his conservative opponents were criticising him for spending too much, encouraging the growth of trade unions and regulating working hours and pay. Important businessman set up the Ameri can Liberty League against Roosevelt. All of these criticisms lead to the more radical Second New Deal. The Second New Deal came as a result of Roosevelt feeling the pressure ahead of the upcoming 1936 election. At the start of 1935, 11 million people were still out of work and industrial relations had deteriorated even further. FDR introduced social welfare to provide relief to those who were struggling. The Social Security Act 1935 was the first attempt to provide welfare to the poorer people of America. It introduced old age pensions for those over 65, as well as unemployment insurance and disability allowances. It was intended that the unemployment insurance would be provided by the individual states, with aid from the federal government. However so many people applied for this benefit that many areas tried to avoid paying the welfare. This was a backwards step for social security in America. Many people, especially Hoover and the conservatives, disapproved of social security as they thought it encouraged people to be lazy. Others considered the pension to be insufficient for old p eople to live on. However FDR considered social welfare to be one of the most important parts of the New Deal. Overall, whilst many people are divided about the effectiveness of Hoover and FDR in halting the depression, it cannot be said that they didnâ„ ¢t make any attempts to solve the problems. Hooverâ„ ¢s ideas had a little impact in halting the depression, with FDRâ„ ¢s having a rather huge impact in helping the USA.

Supplier Base Reduction Individual Business Report Essay

Supplier Base Reduction Individual Business Report - Essay Example Organization may decide to reduce its supplier base due to the following problems or issues: First, increase in the price of the raw materials used by the organization. When the prices of raw materials increases the cost of manufacturing the final products of the organization also increases which hence increases the price of the final products. This increase in price of the products reduces the demand for the products, hence low revenue generated by the organization leading into low profit. Therefore, when the prices of raw materials used to manufacture the final product increases then the organization considers it wise to reduce the supplier base so as not to make more losses in the future. Second, increase in business complexity as illustrated by Joseph (2010) is one of the problems that can make an organization reduces its supplier base. When the supplier base increases, the more complex it becomes. This makes it difficult for the firm to handle the large volume of supplies efficiently and effectively. Therefore, due to high complexity in supplier base the organization decides to reduce its supplier base so that it remains with a small consolidated supplier base that it can interact with to enhance the quality of its products. The third factor is the continuous increase in the level of debt in the organization. As the number of suppliers in the organization increases, there is also increase in the amount of debt to these suppliers. These debts have to be kept very low in the organization through controlling them so that it doesn’t drive the organization to bankruptcy. Therefore, one of the issues that the organization looks at is the debt level of the suppliers when it wants to reduce the supplier base. The fourth problem or issue is the continuous changes in the market. This is also a problem or issue that organizations look at when they want to reduce the supplier base. Changes in market such as a decrease in demand of the products may force

Trafficking in Illegal Drugs and Persons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trafficking in Illegal Drugs and Persons - Essay Example Controling and minimizing cross-border terrorism and illegal trafficking of humans and drugs are the most challenging aspects of transnational crimes. An estimated 600,000 to 800,000 (the numbers are increasing every year) humans in the form of children, teenagers and women and men are the annual victims of this modern-day slavery of human trafficking. These victims of modern-day slavery are subjected to fraud, force or coercion to sexual exploitation and labor. (U.S Dept. of State, 2008) Othe illegal trafficking of humans, today, terrorism together with illegal trafficking of drugs is on the rise. To be able to tackle these issues that pose serious threat to the individual nations and mankind as a whole, a good strategy in terms of policy making is required. Polices that will be able to sufficiently express the predicament of transnational crimes in broader terms, and which will later help stretch the limited budget for the purpose. So in order to put across the urgent need to tackle with these crimes of transnational nature, that can cripple the country from its' inside in much extensive terms, the President decided to focus on three countries. The three countries are- Canada, Iran and France. The focus on these three countries will not provide only with the invaluable insights on how these countries engage in dealing with the three transnational forms of crimes, but also help in gaining the individual countries cooperation. On a global scale the industry of illegal drugs has grown to $400 billion (US $) approximately (Riley D.,1998). This rise in the illegal drugs industry has acted as fuel for organized crime; it has lead to the corruption of governments, violence and distortion of economic markets. Illegal drug trades and drug abuse has always been a crippling feature of the international as well as national scenes. For years attempts have been and are being made to combat the trafficking of illegal drugs and its' abuse, individually and bilaterally. However, these attempts have not been as successful as expected, but it has made the nations realize that the only through which this issue can be effectively handled is internationally coordinated action. The international cooperation to combat against drug abuse and illegal drug trade started in 1961, with the, Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, followed by Convention of Psychotropic Substances in 1971 and the Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. (Ludec D. and Lee J., 2003) Canada as a nation is not so much harsh in its, 'war on drugs'. The state has assigned much of its resources and energy to treatment rather than on enforcement. The nation's National Drug Strategy that was first launched in 1987 and renewed after every 5 years stresses demand reduction and increase in efficient treatment programs. In 1990, after it sanctioned the third UN convention of 1988, it made major changes and revisions in its drugs and narcotics related legislations- as to fulfill the international obligations as per the conventions. On 20th June 1996, it adopted the new legislation, Bill C-8, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA). The main purpose of CDSA that forms the integral part of Canada's National Drug Strategy is, "to provide a framework for the control of import, production, export, distribution and use of mind-altering

Monetary policy responses by central banks during the early part of Essay

Monetary policy responses by central banks during the early part of the past decade aggravated the recent financial crisis - Essay Example The sub-prime mortgage market in particular was the target of these speculative flows which also made their way into the securities and equities markets as well. It can be said that the monetary policy of the Fed in the early years of the last decade encouraged excessive speculation in the United States economy (Mishkin, 2011, 23). However, to assign blame to the monetary policy of the Fed alone would be to exaggerate its role in the present global financial crisis as the issues of regulation and supervision of â€Å"exotic† financial products was one of the contributing factors as well. However, there is a consensual view which is increasingly being shared by many that at the heart of the reasons for the global imbalances lies the fact that the Fed kept interest rates â€Å"too low for too long† (Taylor,2008,14). This line of thought holds that by keeping the interest rates too low, the Fed encouraged the â€Å"real rate of return† in the US T-Bills or Treasurie s to increase leading to the rest of the world financing the yawning and steadily increasing current account deficit of the US. Further, the fact that these countries (led by Japan and China) were exporting huge amounts of goods and services gave them an incentive to â€Å"recycle† their dollar surpluses back into the US economy. Hence, it can be said that though the monetary policy of the Fed was aimed primarily at a domestic audience, due to the integrated and interconnected nature of the global economy indirectly contributed to the ongoing global financial crisis (BOE, 2010). It should be noted that the overly loose global monetary policy may have contributed to the weakening of the anchor on which â€Å"price stability† rested leading to excessive risk taking and by unleashing a global wave of euphoria contributed to the speculative tendencies in the financial sector. And this was a global phenomenon as well as central banks all over the world took their cue from t he Fed and pursued similar policies which had a cascading effect on the global economy in so far as the lethal combination of excessive liquidity and a lax regulatory structure combined to produce the global financial crises with which the world is even now struggling to cope with (Federal Reserve, 2010). References Blanchard, Dell’Ariccia, and Mauro, OB, G & P, 2010. Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy. IMF, Feb 2010, 1-18. ECB. (2010, April 9), â€Å"Could Monetary Policy have helped prevent the financial crisis?† Available from: http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2010/html/sp100409.en.html Mishkin, F, 2011. Monetary Policy Strategy: Lessons from the Crisis. National Bureau of Economic Research, Jan 2011, 1-65. Monetary Policy (2010), (Federal Reserve), Available: http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/default.htm (Accessed: 2011, Mar 14). News Releases (2011), (Federal Reserve), Available: http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/default.htm (Accessed: 2011, Mar 14 ). News Releases (2011), (Bank of England), Available: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/news/2008/index.htm (Accessed: 2011, Mar 14). Taylor, JBT, 2008. The Financial Crisis and the Policy Responses: An Empirical Analysis of What Went Wrong. Stanford

The Significance Of Social Work Social Work Essay

The Significance Of Social Work Social Work Essay The purpose of this essay clarifies ethics and values and how fundamental they are within social work practice. How relevant they are in modern day practice in addition raises concerns regards to professionals and personal values and ethics. Highlights serious case reviews and how they link into legislation and policies, and the difficulties with anti- oppression and anti- discrimination in relation to welfare benefit cuts and the economic climate. This assay highlights the BASW and HPCC code of ethics Macmillan (2010) what are ethics? Ethics are somebodies beliefs, principles and morals that are important to them and propose a set of standards and values Oko 2010)) values are the theory and how you value what is good and influence our decision Ethics are the principle in which way we act. Theory behind Professional ethics are led by set of guidelines and processes that adhere to standards of code and ethics are implemented. Maynard A Becket (2005) believes Values are used in many forms, for example it could be financially personal or cultural in relation to faith and other religions. Values determined what we view as high priority and remain significant to your beliefs G. Reamer (2006) suggest Social work values and ethics have developed significantly over the past few decades, acknowledging the importance of professional and personal values and ethics in relation to practice. During the 1960 values and ethic became core values of social work with growing interest towards diverse and complex issues. The National Association of Social Workers implementing a code of ethics.1970 saw a dramatic change in other professions such as nurses health and criminal justice on applying ethics to practice. Joyce E (2009) attitudes towards contemporary psychoanalysts practice and social work have changed in relation to ethics and value, an appreciation of cultural heritage are taken on board and therapy has been brought into the 21st century. Improvements in working together with social work have been accomplished. Banks S ( also believes ethics and values have developed considerably and gain greater recognition with a global interest from various countries adopting the idea with new countries accepting social work has a profession however some countries are a little slower in moving forward but nevertheless taking on board and introducing ethics and values to practice. There is more opportunity than before to access literature and books in regards to ethics and values which makes it more obtainable, however equally feels there doesnt appear to be a great deal of information regarding ethics in relation to politics and anti-oppressive social work even though they are very much attached. .Domineli L(2002).Anti-oppression can be seen in many forms and links into social work practice and values and ethics. Policies and legislation usually play a big part in welfare reforms for example cutting down on benefits and welfare system; this clearly impacts on the poor marginalizing social exclusion. Individuals can often feel that they are a burden on society, especially people who are in receipt of benefits. The government can use destructive language aimed at the unemployed as well as influential through the media or public speeches their portrayed as scroungers and unworthy to society. This form of oppression needs to be addressed and challenged. Social workers are expected to stand up for human rights and promote equality.Gray.M,at et l (2012) believes Social workers are led by legislation and political dilemmas . Legislation and welfare reforms have impacted on public spending cuts which are taking place by the coalition government. Inequality happens when the government makes cuts to the youth services, and various other organizations and local communities, it divides the poor from rich and wealthy, this could be seen as injustice, grounds for oppression between individuals and social groups. Social worker will need the skill and knowledge to underpin the vital importance of identifying their personal values from professional values in order to avoid poor practice and mistreatment. Forming opinions and concluding judgments based on your own assumptions and personal beliefs subsequently understanding values and ethics is imperative. According to Benchin, A., Brown,(2000) Values are encompassed in our daily life and a set of beliefs that originate from different background with expectations and ideas formed from the persons perspective, this can impact on the way we react or behave to various situation therefore, recognizing personal beliefs and remaining open minded and respecting people as individuals will help develop your practice and achieve a better outcome for the service user. However Macmillan (2010) believes in relation to practicality social workers struggle over moral dilemmas all the time and are led by regulation, making decision can be exceptionally difficult Maynard, A Beckett.,(2005) believes Indeed at times it may be difficult not to be subjective and base your own beliefs and values on decision making, as this is what makes us what we are. As a professional you may have suffered a similar problem to the service user, this could influence your decision in deciding what is best for the service user therefore affect your practice blurring the boundaries. In this particular case the social worker may fail to overlook the service users needs. There is no room for judgmental practice in social work. Social workers should be professional and remain impartial to determine whats ethically right. It is important to disregard your own values and beliefs to enable social worker to practice appropriately nonetheless when it comes to the service user needs other factors should to be taken on board in the terms of their ethnicity as the service user may have afro hair or religious beliefs therefore the social worker has to respect the individual. Human Right Committee January (2012) BASW believe British Association of social work is fundamental document that highlights the code of practice and strongly advises how social workers should practice. It refers to ethics and values as the main topic and hugely emphasizes the necessities for social work to represent the codes of practice. Due to the nature of the social work role it raises concerns regarding ethical issues that may well occur for a social worker, the code of ethics and values clearly states the importance of implementing ethics and values as a fundamental part of social work in order to promote and empower service users nevertheless social workers have a duty of care and in some circumstances have no choice but to restrict someones freedom. Social workers are also faced with inadequate resources which impact on their duties .Higman, P (2006) it may be argued that the BASW is a set of standards in relation to confidentiality nevertheless conflicting as remaining comp letely confidential can be difficult for instance there is easy access through the internet and admission to statuary meetings. It is almost impossible to remain confidential due the nature of working in partnership and multiagency teams. Information sharing is important when legal obligations are in place in the terms of safe guarding issues nonetheless service user should to be informed at all times. According to Health Care Professionals council (2012) HCPC is very prescriptive generic document in which it regulates Social workers and health profession; it has the same guidelines as BASW regards to ethics and values in addition it provides guidance on how social worker should behave appropriately and questions professional conduct outside of work which suggests integrity as large part to play in all aspect of a social works life. Macmillan p (2010) believes Social workers struggle with moral dilemmas all the time with in their career, making decisions that are led by regulations and putting it into practice can be extremely difficult. Pattison,Roisin pill.(2004) states social worker should be accountable for their actions in many cases social workers have overacted and placed children in care without any evidence unfortunately failed to this in the Victoria cimbers case. Victoria died a tragic death in the hands of her great aunt Marie Kouao and partner Carl manning this, was damming report led by Lord Lamming. Victoria was let down by the police, several local authorities and health professionals. Ethics and values are apparent throughout Victoria case, assumptions were made towards Victorias ethnicity and cultural heritage highlights the dangers of overriding personal views and religious beliefs. The department of Health Lord lamming Report p116 within the report concluded a catalogue of errors. Social workers complained of lack of supervision and during supervision the social worker alleged the manager discussed her own personal problems and talk about god unfolding her religious beliefs which irritated the soc ial worker therefore found it incredibly difficult to discuss important and difficult cases often failing to complete supervision consequently prioritizing personal and religious beliefs. supervision is imperative to social work. . .

Music and Poetry Essay -- Musical Poet Poem Poems Music essays

Music and Poetry The poetry of William Wordsworth initiated the Romantic Era by emphasizing emotion, intuition, and pleasure rather than form and affectation. His poems set the stage for John Keats, a central figure in early 19th century Romanticism. The fundamental themes in the works of both poets include: the beauty of nature; the consanguinity of dreams/visions and reality and yet the tendency of dreams to mask reality; the intense emotions brought about by beauty and/or suffering; and the transience of both sensation and human life. Although William Wordsworth and John Keats wrote poetry with entirely different senses of purpose, they came together in the worship of a song that each found in nature. Both Wordsworth and Keats were able to internalize their own experience and then re-externalize it in a piece of poetry – â€Å"The Solitary Reaper† and â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† respectively – describing the effect of a stirring song each encountered in a natural se tting. William Wordsworth’s poem â€Å"The Solitary Reaper† reveres the song of a young Highland lass who is â€Å"reaping and singing by herself† (3). The poem is written in four stanzas of eight lines each, with a steady iambic tetrameter as its meter. The poem has a fairly steady rhyme scheme of ababccdd, though it varies in the first and third rhymes of the first and last stanzas. The poem has only eight enjambed lines. By making twenty-four of the thirty-two lines of the poem endstopped, Wordsworth allows the reader to read each line slowly. This consequently works to relieve any sense of suspense or moments of tension within the poem. As seen in Wordsworth’s â€Å"Nutting,† a lack of endstopped lines can allow emotion to build and inspire a sense of frenzied passi... ... Keats’ â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† in crucial aspects. Both poems preserve a moment of intense beauty, allowing readers to experience the impact of deeply beautiful music within the rustic, natural setting beloved by both poets. Wordsworth and Keats preserve the beauty this music, using unforced and expressive language – vox audita perit, litera scripta manet . Thus, each poet’s experience becomes one that is lastingly present in his mind, inspiring a sense of rustic, melodic tranquility. The â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings† - which Wordsworth saw as the heart of poetry – stimulated by each poet’s experience, allowed them to pen powerful poems. Both Keats and Wordsworth convey and then amplify the intense emotion that each encountered in his experience, as each poem combines, arguably, the two most powerful forms of communication: music and poetic verse.

Swing Valley Poem Analysis

Pursue of happiness Contentment can help people move forward, it is also a way of freezing time to connect to the past. To compromise to happiness is hardly possible. However in the poem Swing Valley, and the excerpt from Home Place, the speakers are able to find joy by means of nostalgia. They seem to pursue happiness by recollecting favourable memories from the past, and being in the physical reminiscence that shapes their past. Through the development of the character, Ronald, and the speaker from Swing valley, we are able to apprehend how recollection memories can lead to happiness.When it comes to ecstasy, it’s not a word in Ronald’s dictionary. Though, as he revisits his child-hood memories, everything suddenly becomes clear. As Ronald was looking for a companionship in life, he jumped from the frying pan and into the fire. â€Å"’I can’t stand it. I can’t sleep there no longer. ’† The regret and sorrow he’s feeling made h im longing for joy. Through further understanding of Ronald, we realise that he is feeling nostalgic towards his past, his childhood, and his true passion – creating model airplanes. Primarily, he pursued for happiness as he married Darlene, out of lust, and loneliness.For what seemed to Ronald was unattainable, he later discovers that joy was something that actually could be reached by recalling what he loved, rather than what he thought he loved. He found himself under the silhouettes of his model air planes that covered his walls. He found himself understanding the concept of delight. He found himself having minimal interest in anything other than the model air planes that he loved even as a young man. Simple moments such as gravitational loss can help us discover happiness in the present. Ordinary may have different meanings to different individuals.Some ordinary flashes of nostalgia have helped people renew connections of the past to the present. The descriptiveness of F rank Gaspar’s Swing Valley shows the readers how much a nostalgic event can sink so deeply to one’s memory. Even the precise description of â€Å"still sitting on the knot, his hands clutching the rope as the bitter end trailed down like a plume of smoke. † The speaker has strong feelings of the tense atmosphere that they were in, as he relates it to the moment of release. In life, this is a metaphor of that moment of finally achieving the goal you’ve trying to accomplish for years.As the speaker recalls that moment, he immediately thinks of the time when he’s free of gravity. It wasn’t just a rope swing. As Ronald finds joy, he wishes that he â€Å"should never have left. † Regretting how much happier life should have been. The speaker from Swing Valley finds happiness through remembering the wonderful memories of the past and reflects the present with it. These characters discovers the pursuit of happiness as they come across moment s of nostalgia, and as they’re longing for their past to compromise their happiness in the present.

The 7 Types of Possessive Case

The 7 Types of Possessive Case The 7 Types of Possessive Case The 7 Types of Possessive Case By Mark Nichol The possessive case is used to indicate relationships between one person, place, or thing and another. However, it’s more accurate to call it by its alternate name, the genitive case (genitive means, essentially, â€Å"generation†), because in many uses, one person, place, or thing doesn’t actually belong to the other. The genitive is indicated one of two ways: A singular noun is followed by an apostrophe and the letter s (as with book’s), and an apostrophe alone follows a plural noun that ends in s or es (as with teams’ or arches’). The genitive form of an irregular plural noun, one in which a change in spelling, rather than s or es, marks the word as having a plural form (such as men), is treated as if the word were a singular noun (men’s). Here are examples of the seven categories of genitive use. 1. One type of genitive case is that denoting occupation, or ownership or possession, as in â€Å"She walked into Jane’s office† or â€Å"John’s car is being repaired.† (In all genitive forms, the noun to which the apostrophe or the apostrophe and the s are attached is called the dependent, or modifier, noun; the word with which it is associated is the head, or modified, noun.) 2. Another is relationship, as in â€Å"The school’s principal is retiring this year.† (This idea can also be represented by omitting the apostrophe and the s â€Å"The school principal is retiring this year† but the meaning is slightly different; in the latter sentence, the reference is to a person identified as the school principal, whereas the genitive form treats the school and the principal as separate entities.) In this category, the idea can be expressed in a phrase beginning with the head noun: â€Å"The principal of the school is retiring this year.† The previous type is not so flexible; â€Å"She walked into the office of Jane† is awkward, and constructions such as â€Å"She walked into the office belonging to [or occupied by] Jane† are usually unnecessarily verbose. 3. The genitive can also be used to express agency, or representation, as in â€Å"The board’s secretary consulted the minutes from the last meeting.† (The secretary is a member of the board but technically doesn’t belong to it.) â€Å"The secretary of the board consulted the minutes from the last meeting† is also correct, but as in the previous example, the emphasis is slightly different, and the first version is more concise. 4. Description is another function of the genitive, as in â€Å"She admired the fabric’s glossy sheen.† (Loosely speaking, the glossy sheen â€Å"belongs† to the fabric, but the phrase is, strictly, speaking, a description.) 5. Another category is that relating to the role of the person, place, or thing that serves as the subject of a sentence, as in â€Å"The officer’s report was conclusive.† (â€Å"The report of the officer was conclusive† has the same slight distinction of meaning as similar constructions in previous examples.) 6. Then there is the role of the person, place, or thing identified as the object of a sentence, as in â€Å"The baby’s delivery was uneventful† (which can be rendered â€Å"The delivery of the baby was uneventful† with a slight difference in the meaning). 7. The most troublesome genitive form is that in which a phrase including of is truncated, as in â€Å"He gave two weeks’ notice† in place of â€Å"He gave notice of two weeks†: Many writers mistakenly treat â€Å"two weeks† as simply a modifier of notice (â€Å"He gave two weeks notice†) rather than correctly including the apostrophe to indicate the genitive case. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?The 7 Types of Possessive Case

Theoretical Orientations in Race, Class and Gender in Adult Learning

Theoretical Orientations in Race, Class and Gender in Adult Learning Introduction The adult education concept has become popular in the 21st century setting especially on the backdrop of increased importance in education. Adults who do not possess any formal learning experience have the chance to go through a specially designed curriculum that equips them with the literary skills necessary for communication and even employment.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Theoretical Orientations in Race, Class and Gender in Adult Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Departments of adult education are now considered a necessity as many authorities implement strategies to combat illiteracy. Like the normal education curriculum, adult education has its trends and theoretical orientations that seek to define its place and role in society. Throughout its development education has been plagued by issues such as race, gender and class. The education system has been characterized by offic ial segregation where learners from different racial backgrounds could not freely use the common education facilities. Sadly the trend is still noticeable today in some learning institutions that the media refers to â€Å"Historically or dominantly black or white. Class too has permeated the education system where some institutions are considered prestigious than others hence breeding such titles as â€Å"Ivy league† where learners thought to be from affluent backgrounds attend. Finally, gender issues also characterize education. Though not as prevalent in the US like in other part of the world, women have historically been disadvantaged in accessing education because of some deeply rooted traditions that fronted the idea that they are inferior to men. The above issues though not in the formal education proportions have found their way to adult education as well. Theoretical orientations Adult educators have identified an overwhelming need to address glaring inequalities thr ough fostering cultural diversity and inclusive approaches to adult education (Hayes Colin, 1994, p. 2). DAmico (2005, p. 49) refers to demographic data on adult learners in the second half of the 90’s decade that point to an explicit link between low literacy and low economic status among adult learners in the US.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She further says that the study pointed to a disproportionate representation of people of color in adult education programs. She further refers to the effect of race gender, race and class on the adult education especially sexual racial and sexual orientation that she cites as major influences when relating the adult learners’ prior and current experiences in learning. This therefore can be taken to be an acknowledgement of the existence of the trend that needs to be addressed. There is as a result of the a bove apparent phenomenon, an increase of literature that addresses race gender and class in adult education. These issues according to Hayes Colin reflect the existing prejudices brought by power, privilege and cultural orientation. These according to (Mostaghimi, 2006, p. 67) brings to the fore the theoretical orientations in the field of adult education. One of the dominant trends in adult education that has its roots in the formal education system is the theoretical proposition to create learning environments specifically for different classes of adult learners. This approach will include the strategies and approaches best suited for that particular group. The main question here is whether such separate approaches will effectively address the issues of gender, race and class in adult education. Some scholar support distinct approaches that are based on the above categories. However, Sheared et al (1993, p. 43) says that many advocates of adult education support the opinion that learning institutions should be restructured to accommodate all kinds of learners regardless. According to Sheared et al (1993, p. 45) this should be done in a manner that acknowledges the existence of differences among adult learners and how their intersection is critical in shaping adult learners thinking. Besides, there are major efforts to institute discussions and about race, gender and class within power relations and structures contexts on a larger scale. According to DAmico (2005, p. 33), there is rampant perpetuation of racism and sexism in the field of adult education. He further says that there are numerous racists, sexists and class related presumptions I adult education’s knowledge base. The presumptions have also permeated themselves in staff development, the field of graduate education and professionalization of the field of adult education.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Theoretical Orientations in Race, Class and Gender i n Adult Learning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Portrayal of different races, classes and gender in adult education literature is also a major theoretical orientation in the field. (Mostaghimi, 2006, p. 70) says that women, gays/lesbians and African Americans have been portrayed in a particular manner in adult education literature. The portrayal borders on the subtle stereotypes that are commonly associated with these groups of people. Additionally, (Mostaghimi, 2006, p. 72) says that there is an apparent deliberate lack of deserved attention on issues that deal with race, multiculturalism and gender in the adult education literature. Conclusion There are many perspectives through which theoretical orientations in class race and gender in adult learning can be looked at. However one thing is clear from the above analysis. There is an undeniable effect on the outcomes of adult education because of the current trends as dictated by the facto rs under discussion. In this era of globalization, further division of people along any lines in order to conform to their classes in the education system will be ill motivated. It’s therefore necessary for adult education scholars to devise programs that enhance integration and foster unity in a way that overlooks the perennial issues of race, gender and class in education. References DAmico, D. (2005). Race, Class, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Adult Literacy: Power, Pedagogy, and Programs. NY: NCSALL. Hayes, E., and Colin, S. A. J. (1994). Confronting Racism and Sexism, New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, no. 61 (Spring 1994). Mostaghimi, L. I. (2006). Philosophical orientations of part-time faculty-practitioners in Adult Education. NY: Routledge.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sheared, V. et al. (1993). African American Adult Education Research Proceedings: A Link for Community Development and Empowerment. University Park: Pennsylvania State University.

Questions-Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions-Communication - Essay Example Diversity within an organization can take a number of different forms such as diverse cultures, religions, nationalities and job groupings (Shockley-Zalabak, 2002; Mor-Barak, 2011). In my organization, the implementation and maintenance of programs that value diversity is generally undertaken using a number of approaches, key among them is review and re-writing of policies so as to create a division within the organization tasked with prompting inclusion and workforce development (Mor-Barak, 2011). This division is mandated to undertake a special recruitment policy that is designed to seek to promote diversity within the organization. To this end, training programs are conducted to promote the adoption of diversity among the employees. The division also implements a variety of internal mentorship and internship programs that are designed to prepare some of the internal candidates both for competition with outside job applicants and upward mobility to prevent their being marginalized by the special recruitment program (Mor-Barak, 2011). The diversity valuing programs practiced by my organization are seen to be quite effective at increasing both the awareness and valuing of diversity in the workplace. They are designed to increase the organization’s diversity via the special recruitment policy while simultaneously promoting the competitiveness of the existing employees through the internal mentorship and internship programs (Mor-Barak, 2011). However, there are a number of changes that can be made to increase the overall effectiveness of these programs. While increasing the awareness and integration of diversity within the organization is seen to be primarily dependent on employees at every level of the organization working at fulfilling their roles, it is also critically important for the organization’s leadership to increase both the amount of resources and the level of guidance and support it lends to these programs (Mor-Barak, 2011). Reference: Mor-Barak, E. M. (2011). Managing diversity: toward a globally inclusive workplace. Los Angeles: SAGE. M4A1: The communication style used by a past leader in my organization, its relation to his leadership style and its suitability to our workplace and culture When I joined my organization, my direct supervisor primarily used to employ the use of an assertive communication style. His role of directing the new recruits on how to perform their duties necessitated that he used the style to ensure that he was able to portray himself to be in authority when working with the recruits (Shockley-Zalabak, 2002). The assertive communication style is seen to have been quite appropriate to the supervisor a suitable to our workplace as it perfectly complemented his transactional leadership style. In line with his leadership style, the manager used to provide us with a number of pre-agreed tasks to perform and would then punish or reward us depending on how these tasks were performed (Shockley-Za labak, 2002). In the event that one of us would continually fail to adequately perform the assigned task, the supervisor would then undertake to provide more intensive and closely supervised training to the employee and would then encourage the employee by providing the employee with bonuses if they managed to register performance improvements. However, the communication style used by the supervisor could have been drastically improved if the supervisor undertook to try and listen more to the input provided

Lyme Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lyme Disease - Research Paper Example The disease was characterized by outbreaks in the early fall and during the summer which showed that the vector was an arthropod (Todar, n.d). Initially children were diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; however, the increasing prevalence of the illness resulted in a detailed scientific research concerning the etiology of the disease. Studies of the pathogenesis and signs of the disease led to the discovery of its connection with Borrelia burgdorferi (Todar, n.d).This led to the distinction of the disease from rheumatoid arthritis as rheumatoid fever has an auto immune etiology (Edwards, Cambridge and Abrahams, 1999). The similarity of the symptoms of both diseases led to the incorrect diagnosis. Lyme disease has the highest prevalence among tick borne diseases in the Northern Hemisphere (Fell, 2000). Etiology The etiological agent was discovered by Willy Brgdorfer in 1982 (Todar, n.d). It was isolated from the gut of the black legged tick and was identified to be a spiroche te from the genus Borrelia (Todar, n.d). The spirochetes were found to react with serum which had been extracted from patients suffering from Lyme disease. The etiologic agent was named after Willy Burgdorfer and is known as Borrelia burgdorferi. Other species which cause Lyme disease include B. garinii and B. afzelii. Recent studies have also suggested that Borrelia miyamotoi is a causative agent as it has been found to occur in areas where Lyme disease is an endemic (Krause, Wormser and Narasimhan et al., 2013). Lyme disease is transmitted by an agent known as Inxodes scapularies. The bacteria live within the gut of these ticks which feed on human and animal blood. These ticks feed on blood for a long period of time and the bites are usually undetected due to the size of the ticks (Lo Re, occi and Mc Gregor, 2004). Risk Factors Some of the risk factors associated with Lyme disease are the activities in which one participates (Mayo Staff clinic, 2005). Individuals who spend a major ity of their time outdoors are prone to Lyme disease. The area which an individual lives in is also a risk factor for Lyme disease. Such areas include the Midwest and Northeast region (Diuk-Wasser, 2012). Ticks are mostly active during the warm seasons between May and November; hence this time period poses a risk of contracting the disease (Lyme disease Update Review, n.d). Events such as camping, hiking and gardening are also risk factors. The risk of contracting Lyme disease is high in individuals exposed to ticks. The highest cases have been reported among individuals between 5-15 years and 45-54 years old (University of Maryland Medical Center, n.d). Lyme disease is only transmitted in approximately 3% of all tick bites and the length of the bite increases the risk of transmission. Mechanism of the disease. Borrelia burgdorferi undergoes an infectious cycle from nymph moulds to adults. The female lays eggs which feed on the first host and are then dropped to the ground and trans form to nymph. The nymphs then attach and feed on the second host (Wasiluk, 2011). The chronic form of the disease affects numerous organs of the body, in particular, the joints, skin, brain and heart. The disease is classified into three stages, the first stage being of limited infection, which is followed disseminated infection and the last stage is late borreliosis (Wasiluk, 2011).