Alvin Ailey Contextualisation Essay

Ailey used his culture and many childhood memories to base his choreography on. Church and worship played a huge role in the lives of black Americans and was the center of Ailey’s community. â€Å"The exuberance and poignancy of the black experience are well served in Ailey’s splendid. â€Å"The church was always very important, very theatrical, very intense. The life that went on there and the music made a great impression on me. † (A. P Bailey 1997 pg. 8) He grew up in Texas in the 1930s with both racial segregation and the economy being big problems of the time. â€Å"Black lives were as peaceful and secure as racism and poverty would allow. (Dunning, 1996) â€Å"In those days black people were forced into certain sections of the town†¦you couldn’t buy a house in other sections of the town, so you had to go to schools that were essentially segregated’’. In spite of the miserable living conditions   Ailey’s community and others alike were joyful in church and the drew drop inn which was where all the adults used to go on Saturday nights to dance to the blaring juke box. The dew drop inn was a rough place to be. My mother was in there, and everybody was doing what they considered to be the nasty dances†¦many of the same people who went to dew drop inn on a Saturday night went to church on a Sunday morning. In dance I deal with these two very different worlds: Blues suite and revelations. † (A. P Bailey 1997 pg23) At the age of 12 Ailey joined his mother in Los Angeles where she was to work as cleaner for a wealthy white family â€Å"I remember very well seeing my mother on her knees scrubbing these white folks’ rooms and halls. That image is in my ballet cry† (A. P Bailey 1997pg32) Here he experienced the theatre and heard the music of Duke Ellington for the first time, who’s music he later came to create a total of 14 dances to. Including The River’ â€Å"The River is a legendary collaboration between Ailey and Ellington†¦ was Ellington’s first symphonic score written specifically for dance†¦The legendary and highly acclaimed collaboration mirrors together the art forms beautifully. (http://www. exploredance. com/article. htm? id=1635) Creations of Two Masterful Artists, Alvin Ailey and Duke Ellington by Amber Henrie December 28, 2006. It was not until the 1940s that Ailey took a serious interest in dance, seeing the Dunham Company perform excited him in a way that nothing ever had before. Proving it to be a transcendent experience for him, he felt a connection with her and her dancers and was ‘lifted into another realm. I couldn’t believe there were black people on a legitimate stage†¦before largely white audiences†¦doing afro-Caribbean. Lester Horton not only inspired Ailey with his stylized technique and incredibly expressive movement but also in the way he offered his students a ‘complete education’ teaching them how to participate in all aspects of production from lighting and reading music to choosing the correct fabric for performances â€Å"He knew every fabric in the world and was extremely knowledgeable about color, design, dyeing and tailoring†¦I am still guided by Lester’s insistence that costumes must be made from extraordinary fabric† (A.P Bailey 1997 pg. 63) The Horton Technique focus’ on movements that lengthen the spine and the hamstring muscles with flat backs, lateral stretches, descending and ascending from the floor into horizontal positions, release swings, leg swings and deep lunges all of which appear in Ailey’s works regularly. Lester Horton has proved to be Ailey’s biggest influence; the similarities between the 2 choreographers are due to Ailey’s awe of Horton, his works and his attitude. As he just as Martha Graham had, had a mixed racial company â€Å"He realized that you have to use the best dancers regardless of color† (A. P Bailey 1997 Pg. 60) All of the above stylistic features are seen in works of Ailey’s such as Revelations, Cry and Witness to name a few. Each using deep plies and stunning lines to create interesting and meaningful viewing, using a combination of modern dance with jazz and classical ballet. Each with a meaning and a message to its audiences worldwide. Ailey (cited by De Frantz) said From his roots as a slave, the American Negro – sometimes sorrowing, sometimes jubilant, but always hopeful – has created a legacy†¦ which have touched, illuminated and influenced the most remote preserves of world civilisation†¦ We bring you the exuberance of jazz, the ecstasy of his spirituals and the dark rapture of his blues. † Yet while Ailey drew lots of his choreography from his ‘blood memories’ he did create plot less works too, making more use of ballet technique which can be seen in Streams. After Lester Horton’s death, Ailey founded his own company and had great success that still lives to this day; he and his company toured worldwide and were awarded with numerous honours before settling In New York. Yet Thomas F DeFrantz (2004) said the unasked question, implicit in dozens of feature articles and reviews, seemed to be: how could a gay black man from dirt-poor. Rural, depression-era Texas, with limited dance training and no college degree found and run the most successful modern dance company in the idiom’s history?

The Story A View From The Bridge Film Studies Essay

Arthur Miller was a good cat he was a affluent concern adult male who inherited his male parent ‘s concern a adult female ‘s vesture store. Before a position from a span was written there was another drama called â€Å" the adult male who had all the fortune † this was a large hit in the theater, so large that it won the national theater award in 1940. His existent large interruption was in 1956 when he wrote a position from a span. The narrative â€Å" a position from the span † is set in a topographic point in New York called â€Å" Red hook † the full narrative is narrated by a adult male called Alfieri it is ill-defined who he is in my ain personal sentiment I think that he is person who watched over the narrative take topographic point like a falcon watching its quarry. But in the narrative it is now clear to me Alfieri is the attorney of the narrative. The existent topographic point where the narrative is set is by the docks near Broker Bridge the docks are wear all illegal immigrants flee in to the state from the boats at the clip the great depression was taking topographic point. The chief characters that are in the drama are: Eddie is Italian American and he is married to his married woman called Beatrice and Eddie has an orphaned niece called Catherin. Eddie is a truly nice household cat. Eddie ‘s usage of linguistic communication is informal he speaks Brooklyn slang and he is non educated. Beatrice is a common jurisprudence married woman to Eddie and he has an orphaned niece called Catherin she has a really happy relationship with Eddie and they both live merrily together Rodolfo is the immature good looking individual blonde she is an illegal immigrant to the state. CatherineA is the niece of Eddie Carbone and Beatrice. Catherine is a beautiful, smart, immature Italian miss who is really popular among the male childs in the community. MarcoA who is the cousin of Beatrice, Marco comes to the U.S. to work and do money to direct back to his married woman and kids in Italy. Marco is a difficult working Italian adult male. Marco ‘s usage of linguistic communication is in broken he speaks broken English These are non all the characters within the drama these are merely the chief 1s who make the narrative. The overall temper of the characters within the narrative â€Å" A position from a span â€Å" is really unagitated and relaxed within the first Acts of the Apostless but deeper into the narrative, flooring events take topographic point and everybody ‘s temper alterations into a more serious tone. The author has showed each characters droping towards each other are altering. â€Å" I want my name! I want regard. † Eddie ‘s demanding nature leads to him and Marco contending this shows how thing are traveling on in a bad manner. But every bit long as you owe them money, they ‘ll acquire plentifulness of work done † this is another scene where Rodolfo is egger to get down work this is another illustration of how the characters temper is come oning e.g. Eddie contending with the Italian community which are like Mafia. And Rodolfo off the boat and ready to work. The manner the narrative unfolds is when Catherin decides to get married Rodolpho. Eddie is really disapproves of this. So he goes to the great extent of describing him to US in-migration governments. He besides gets his attorneies involved in the instance so that the happy twosome do non get married, he truly did non desire them to be together he went to such great extent to do certain that they do non get married. â€Å" This is my last word, Eddie, take it or non, that ‘s your concern. Morally and lawfully you have no rights, you can non halt it ; she is a free agent † this is where Eddie is told about the matrimony and is told there is nil he could make about it, this brings bad tempers in to the scene and besides bad emotions are get downing to be created. There is a subject emerging out from all play and action taking topographic point and that subject is illegal immigrants because the new cats to New York think they can run this town tonight. But it ‘s non traveling to go on. As in the instance of Marco and Rodolfo they are new in town at the start of the narrative so subsequently on they want to acquire occupations. â€Å" He says we start tomorrow † this citation was by Rodolfo being eggar for her and Marco to get down doing money. Drama means in Grecian action and that ‘s what happened allot through the drama. Further on I will be speaking about the two dramatic scenes that take topographic point and how the emotions affect the scene. First the scene I have chosen is the portion in the drama where Marco shows Eddie how strong he is. â€Å" can you raise this chair said Eddie â€Å" from here â€Å" said Marco and Marco lifts the chair with one manus behind his dorsum, merely to demo how strong and manfully and tuff Marco truly is in forepart of Eddie. The emotions portrayed by the characters are sad and bad 1s like fright, perturbation and unhappiness. For my concluding scene I have chosen the most action packed scene in the full drama in my ain personal sentiment. It is the scene there is a battle taking topographic point non a shouting statement fight a existent battle with knifes and fists. You can see there is a fight brewing before it all boots ‘ off where Eddie is acquiring ready to contend Marco when he comes and Beatrice is stating material to Eddie like â€Å" I love you â€Å" and she says things like â€Å" The truth is non every bit bad as blood † as in stating Marco ‘s here do non acquire excessively angry Eddie, do non inquire for a battle merely inquire for the truth. Before the two work forces get ready to contend Rodolfo shows whose side she is on by running towards Marco. At this point the emotions created here are hatred ; the bad emotions are created by Eddie because Rodolfo chose to travel and stand by Marco. The consequence it had on Eddie was non good because ended up in fall backing to force. After a small slap talk to each other Marco work stoppages out at Eddie, Marco goes for a cervix shooting â€Å" Marco work stoppages Eddie beside the cervix â€Å" . Then the flood tide comes Eddie goes to stab Marco, Marco catches the dip and spins the knife about and goes for Eddie. Louis tries to interrupt so up but it was unhappily excessively late. Eddie has been stabbed. â€Å" Anima-a-al † screamed by Marco after he stabbed. At this point the temper, background and consequence all alterations. The usage of linguistic communication with in this dramatic scene is informal because Marco screened â€Å" anima-a-al † this show that the usage of linguistic communication within this scene is informal. All in all one think arther Miller has portrayed first-class emotions and used good imagination to convey the narrative to life By kiran Patel

Nutrition Month Essay

â€Å"Health is wealth,† is the clichà © this time of year not only in SMAD, but in the whole country as we celebrate Nutrition Month. The reason we celebrate Nutrition Month is to remind ourselves that being healthy is very important and that if we love ourselves, we should love our body that is by practicing good health habits. This year’s Nutrition Month’s theme is â€Å"Pagkain ng gulay, ugaliin, araw-araw itong ihain.† With this theme in mind, we Marisians understand from our early lectures from as early as Nursery that eating healthy everyday is a great investment for our future. If we eat healthy everyday is a great investment for our future. If we eat healthy, which means having a balanced diet, together with regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle, we surely will get to enjoy our body’s future to the fullest. Who wants to be unhealthy when they’re old anyway? Well, enough of the yadda yadda that we hear every day. Let’s face itm we can’t resist junkfood. Its taste, smell and the crispness is like a symphony to our teenage ears. It’s even sold in our school cafeteria for crying out loud! We already know all the sodium, salt, MSG and whatnot that is in those perfectly plastic packed goodies but still, we consume them. We already know all the health hazards the little tasty crisps possess but still, we love them. Even if it has the word ‘junk’ in its name, we still eat them. The question I ask all the readers of this essay is this: How can we control this craving?! Clearly, this seems like the most suitable question, given our situation. The answer is: SELF-DISCIPLINE. If we really value our body and its future, then we’d already stop from consuming those cheap and unhealthy pieces of evil. If we really cared, then we’d stop wasting our money buying the kinds of food that will hinder us from our full potential as healthy human beings. Once we discipline ourselves, not just in abstaining from eating junk food, we’ll become better people for our own sake and for the people around us. This is where the theme comes back into our minds. Instead of eating junk, why not eat something healthier and most of the time, cheaper? Fruits and veggies are our bodies’ best friends. Once we make eating them a daily habit, you’ll see that our bodies will be better, stronger and much more awesome than its previous self. Don’t forget the other food that’ll also help us maintain our awesome body like lean meats and such. Having a healthy lifestyle is something all of us should have whether young or old. It’s also very important of our bodies because aside from the fact that it is our own, God gve us our bodies for us to nurture and take care of and when we have a fit body, we’re able to carry out our mission that was given to us from Him. So, vegetable or junk? Surely you’d want something that isn’t trash. Beginning today, let’s be healthy, eat healthy and stay healthy. Being healthy is one of the best solutions to live happy. So, if you want to live a happy and care-free life, as you grow older, live and eat healthy!

Theology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theology - Term Paper Example It involves celebrating Gods revelation to humanity through Christ. The Second Advent is characterized by scriptural references with themes majorly inclined to being accountable during his second coming. Judgment of sin and hope of everlasting life is given preeminence in the Second Advent. Advent has deep-rooted focus in the past and the coming future. It is characterized by great symbolism that refers to spiritual journey of individuals and utmost the congregation. The congregation celebrating the advent should be encouraged to do so with hope, anticipation and a spirit of longingnes.They should yearn for deliverance from temptations and evils of the universe. The advent service should start by deliverance to resemble the Israelites who wept out to God to deliver them from bondage in Egypt. The cry of the faithful should rest in the fact that, there is still future hope for deliverance despite being part of a world full of sin and exploitation. The hope by the faithful fills them w ith anticipation that in the near future; a Just King will come whose rule will be marked by righteousness. Themes on anticipation that signifies a new dawn with the royalty of the anointed are to be included in the service. The introduction part of the advent service begins with a song. The song must be relevant to the season and introduce the theme. Songs related to the scriptural readings of the day should be encouraged. ... At this stage, reconciliation is encouraged among the Faithfulls, which signifies that the Christ who is to be born is a prince of peace, and he will bring peace on earth. In the liturgy of the scripture or the word as it is sometimes known, one or even more verses from the scripture are read. The reading can come from the book of psalms. Duration of silence would be observed accompanied by reading from the bible to allow the word to be well understood by the congregation. Preferably in the case of one reading, a verse from the gospels should be read. In liturgy of reconciliation, the minister opens a reconciliatory statement then the congregation joins in. The congregation confesses their sins and prays for those who have wronged them. Musical instruments and the tunes they play should match with the theme of the season. Musical instruments play a great role as they focus thoughts of the congregation on the main theme of the day. A prayer of thanks giving should conclude the Advent service. The prayer gives gratitude to God for His constant love and redemption. The priest concludes the service by blessing the congregation. Words of Gods constant love, care, and protection dominate the blessings. The priest then ends the service by releasing the gathering. He proclaims Gods peace on the congregation. In Barth’s shoes, the advent session service would be a period of fasting and repentance of sins. The service would derive its concept from that of Lent season. When fasting, the congregation is expected to anticipate for good things in future when Christ comes. This should happen even though the return of the Messiah in both Judaism and the Old Testament shows no connection with the aspect of remembering sins. On the contrary, it was marked by

Globalization and trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization and trade - Essay Example The main drivers of international trade are: Exchange rates Regimes This is the most significant factor affecting international trade. Various nations have implemented the use of different rates of exchange regimes. The picking of the rate of exchange has been in a way controversial without agreements upon the one considered most effective rate of exchange regime in the process of minimising protectionism. The demand and supply for the currencies as well as the resultant relative values can impact the demand for exports and imports. As demand and supply for currencies vary, the values of the same currencies also vary. If the currency is strong then imports are less expensive, and that leads to increased demand for imported products and vice versa. Figure 1: Market price for foreign currency P2 S Price of foreign currency P1 in U.S Dollars D2 D1 D1 Q1 Q2 Historical analysis shows us over time nations used following types of exchange rate regimes. The fixed rate of exchange regime the given central bank ensures maintenance the rate of exchange (Mundel 1963). In the regime of floating rate of exchange; the responsible central bank often never comes into intervention. (Fleming 1962)The controlled exchange rate, when exchange rate is determined by interaction between the intervention of the state and the relationship between demand and supply. (Burr 1960)

Asian American Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asian American Studies - Essay Example The Chinese were one of the first Asians to migrate to the U.S. Although only a few Chinese lived in Hawaii in the early 19th century, a large number of Chinese came to Hawaii and inland in the 1840s. The Chinese relocates to the United States for various reasons. Some were looking for refuge from revolts and wars in the mid-19th century (Ling 21).Others were looking for a greener pasture in terms of jobs. The first Chinese immigrants were perhaps laborers. Huge numbers of them migrated to the U.S. as skilled laborers when the fast growth of the West required cheap labor. Some of the Chinese were also attracted by the likelihood of riches. Majority of the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century were males. They dreamt of earning a decent income in the U.S. and afterward going back to China eventually. Married women stayed in China to take care of domestic duties like caring for their children and the parents of their husbands. Moreover, Chinese in cities were mostly working in the ser vice industry. Chinese in the urban neighborhoods were very secluded from mainstream U.S. A large number of Chinese American was raised speaking only their own native language and seldom socializing with Whites. Chinese immigrants were eventually hired in other industries such as mining, construction, etc. On the other hand, just like the Chinese, the earliest Japanese immigrant arrived in the U.S. in the 19th century. Also, similar to the Chinese, they arrived as peasants; but, not like the Chinese, many Japanese settlers became plantation laborers in Hawaii. Inland, a large number of Japanese who were originally hired as agricultural laborers eventually became independent, entrepreneurial farmers and traders. In urban areas, they built small communities where they may interact and help each other, speak their mother tongue, and eat accustomed food (Min 10). After Japanese men had secured themselves in the U.S., they get their wives from Japan, and their wives helped them in farms and businesses. Japanese migrated to the United States to live and raise families. On the other hand, a small number of Filipinos settled in the U.S. prior to the turn of the 20th century. Majority of early Filipino settlers after 1898 were already American citizens, the period that the U.S. gained the Philippines at the end of the Spanish-American War (Min 12). Filipino immigrants were looking for work in Hawaiian plantations and in the mainland. They also worked as service or domestic workers. In the early 20th century, a large number of Filipino laborers formed labor unions, but their attempts to acquire wage raise were countered with aggression by their employers and White colleagues who did not want any competition. More open to intermarriage than other Asian Americans, particularly Japanese and Chinese, Filipino males also inflamed racial violence and resentment by marrying White females. Since many Filipinos worked in the agricultural sector and plantations, they did not form enclaves in the cities (Ling 94). Because of their geographical distribution and their tendency to intermarry, Filipino immigrants eventually became more integrated in the United States than other Asian Americans. Similar to other Asian Americans, majority of early Korean settlers in the U.S. started their voyage to the mainland serving in Hawaiian plant

In what sense, if any, should the study of politics be understood as a Essay

In what sense, if any, should the study of politics be understood as a science - Essay Example In part, politics looks at the way in which these varying needs are met and how the different factors are accommodated. History Politics has been studied since the 4th century B.C. From this time to the present day the topic has been examined in depth, with wide ranging debates and discussion. Greeks were the first one to understand and undertake some prominent changes in the ruling bodies to bring democracy. To implement it efficiently Greeks took politics as a subject to be studied with more rational and systematic approach. Aristotle was the first Greek to introduce the concept of developing a state or a city by uniting small villages together and defined a boundary for particular regulations. He believed in bringing collective and collaborative change through democratic politics. In modern times the discussion of politics consists of many different things. At its heart, politics looks at the way in which the government and governing bodies determine laws as well as how these laws are enforced. There are many different factors that can influence the way in which laws are made. These are examined throughout politics and political study. Some such factors include the effect of religion (Lenski, 1963), race (Gilens, 2000) and gender (Mohanty and Russo, 1991). One question is whether the study of politics can be considered a science. Science can be defined as a systematic study of either a natural or physical phenomena. Science supports and explains the natural phenomenon or natural reaction of a human being to every day issues and the purpose of science are to shape structures which can be useful for real life consequences. It is divided into two kinds, Social Science and Natural Science, however these two main branches can be sub divided into different subjects. Political science is often considered to be a sub division of Social Science. It is the study of government, state, politics and laws to enforce discipline, system and power among all classes and peopl e living within a boundary. Political Science interlinks with other subjects like sociology, psychology, international relations etc which can clearly tell that political science is a vast subject to study with proper guidelines. It gives a complete methodology of practicing political theories democratically with positivity, rationality and defines structuralism and institutionalism (Crotty, 1991). All these theories and depth cannot be observed without a thorough study over a subject. In short, Political Science cannot be kept restricted to specific issues happening in a state or a city but it is a complete solution and should be rightfully used in context of historical, social and cultural matters in our everyday life. Politics Politics is not just the study but a process of making collective and collaborative efforts or decisions to run state affairs effectively and successfully. It is a chain process of building relationships to gain power or authority. In this era, where reacti ons are more discernible and immediate actions cannot be taken, those in authority should be literate enough to deal with the affairs strategically and resolve them in a peaceful manner. Sensitive issues often have large implications, with judgments and laws affecting millions of lives in either positive or negative ways. This process known as politics should be

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History - Assignment Example â€Å"In two years, through murder, mutilation, or suicide, half of the two hundred fifty thousand Indians on Haiti were dead.† Zinn goes on to explain, â€Å"a report of the year 1650 shows none of the original Arawaks or their descendants left on the island.† 3. One major difference in worldview between European and Native American cultures is the idea of property rights. Europe’s aristocracy thrived on land ownership, and in a culture where land meant power, ideas on dissolving property rights were scarce. The Native Americans, mostly, believed in living in harmony with the land. Humans were only part of the larger picture. So to destroy a forest to build a city isn’t just egocentric, its sacrilegious. When Europeans attempted to buy Native American lands in some instances, some Native Americans couldn’t understand the idea of owning the land. 4. While differences certainly existed in the slavery systems in Africa and the Americas, Americans bein g much crueler to our slaves and Africans viewing slaves more as indentured servants, I think the similarities are too outstanding to ignore. Slavery anywhere should be intolerable to humanity everywhere. I think Dr. Akurang-Parry summarized this sentiment best in his article Ending the Slave Blame: â€Å"The viewpoint that â€Å"Africans† enslaved â€Å"Africans† is obfuscating if not troubling. The deployment of â€Å"African† in African history tends to coalesce into obscurantist constructions of identities that allow scholars, for instance, to subtly call into question the humanity of â€Å"all† Africans. Whenever Asante rulers sold non-Asantes into slavery, they did not construct it in terms of Africans selling fellow Africans. They saw the victims for what they were, for instance, as Akuapems, without categorizing them as fellow Africans. Equally, when Christian Scandinavians and Russians sold war captives to the Islamic people of the Abbasid Empir e, they didn’t think that they were placing fellow Europeans into slavery. This lazy categorizing homogenizes Africans and has become a part of the methodology of African history; not surprisingly, the Western media’s cottage industry on Africa has tapped into it to frame Africans in inchoate generalities allowing the media to describe local crisis in one African state as â€Å"African† problem.† (source: http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=180999) 5. English people migrated to North America to escape religious persecution, for the possibility of achieving power or wealth in the new colonies, and to make money on early expeditions to North America. 6. England wanted to establish colonies in North America to expand its cultural influence, for the possibility of gold or natural resources, and to out muscle the French and Spanish who were colonizing the area at the time. 7. An indentured servant was a worker, typically a young per son from Europe, who agreed to work a certain number of years for a master if that master would pay for their voyage to America. These workers were crucial to our developing economy, as low wage workers were scarce and slaves were expensive. 8. One similarity between all the colonies is

Accounting for Costa Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting for Costa Company - Essay Example expenses 4,500 Property taxes 6,500 Rent 22,000 Net Income 84,100 1. There are two errors indicated related to inventory and sales of Costa Company. These errors will have profound impact on the company’s financial position as reported in the balance sheet of the company and also in the comprehensive income statement. Errors, omission, and mistakes can mislead users of the financial information about the reality of the business and its financial situation (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010). Incorrect reporting of closing inventory would not only overvalue company’s assets and hence the size of the company’s book. This would also lead to wrong reporting of cost of goods sold which will have direct impact on the net income generated by the company and also the amount available to be distributed to shareholders. Missing out a revenue transaction will have a negative effect on the net income of the company because costs related to it are already included in costs of g oods sold by the company. This underreporting of net income would in turn affect the equity side of the balance sheet. 2. The income statement of Costa Company after adjustments to two errors reported in the case has generated a net income of $84,100 at the year end. This indicates that the company’s business operations are actually generating enough revenue that is able to cover costs of goods sold and operating expenses and taxes related to the business.

Example a Level Psychology Experiment Essay Example for Free

Example a Level Psychology Experiment Essay Hypothesis – there will be a significant positive relationship between the scores on a memory test and scored on a test to predict your chance of being a millionaire Null Hypothesis – there will be no significant relationship between scores on a memory test and scores on a test measuring the chances of becoming a millionaire and any relationship is due to chance Method: Design – the method of the experiment was a correlational study; this was used in order to see whether there was a relationship between the scores on a memory test and scores on a millionaire test. The experiment used co variables, which were the score on the memory test and score on the millionaire test. Controls – in order ensure the test was reliable the extraneous variables needed to be controlled. Standardised instructions were used as a control to give all participants the same instructions during the experiment, which meant that the experimenter did not affect the communication of the instructions by changing them for each participant which reduces the amount on experimenter bias. A further control that was used was using anonymous data by assigning each participant a number to record that data on a table, rather than using individual’s names. Participants – the target population for the experiment were young people in the Gosport area of each gender. The sampling method was an opportunity sample of 10 students aged 17-18 both males and females (2 males and 8 females) at Bay House Sixth Form from an A Level Psychology class and the researcher was a Psychology teacher at Bay House Sixth Form. Apparatus and Materials – the materials used for the experiment were a list of 34 words created by the researcher that were projected onto the board, paper and pens provided for the participants to record the number of words they remembered, a watch to time the one minute period of remembering and writing down the words, an online questionnaire to measure likelihood of becoming a millionaire at bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/surveys/millionaire1/index.shtml Procedure – the participants were firstly given an explanation of the research and what the study would entail for them. They were them given the equipment they required to complete the memory test whilst remaining anonymous and were given standardise instructions by the researcher of how to complete the test and the rules of the research. The participants were then shown the list of 34 words to memorise by projecting the list on the board and where given one minute to memorise as many words as possible. The words were then hidden and the researcher projected instructions to the participants to write down all the words they remembered and they were given one minute to do so. The number of words memorised were recorded by the researcher by assigning each participant with a number and they stated out loud their score. The participants were then asked to move to a computer room to complete an online survey to test their likelihood of becoming a millionaire, after they completed the questionnaire the participants had to record their score next to their memory score on a board. The participants were then debriefed by the researcher. Ethics – there were few ethical issues in the experiment as informed consent was gained by the researcher to ensure the participants were given instructions and the aim of the research. Therefore, there was no deception in the research and so the integrity of the study was intact during the memory and millionaire tests. Furthermore, all the participants were over 16 and so there was no need for the researcher to obtain parental consent for the study. Participants were also given the right to withdraw before and during the research, therefore the participants were not pressured to take part or complete the study if they were not comfortable with the terms of the research or what the data was being used for. However, there may be ethical issues regarding the wellbeing of the participants during the research as the study may have caused stress or anxiety in the participants when completing the memory or millionaire tests because they may feel the pressure to do well in each test, although the research was anonymous and so this may have reduced the amount of stress caused by the study. Scatter Graph for Data: The scatter graph shows that there is a weak negative correlation between memory test scores and millionaire test scores, which means that it does not necessrily prove our hypothesis that there will be a significant postive relationship between the two co variables. Therefore, the hypothesis needs to be rejected and the null hypothesis can be accepted as the null hypotehsis reflects what our results show on the scatter graph. The graph can also help identify outliers, as the partipant that scored significantly higher on the memory test and lower on this millionaire test could be regarded as an outlier as it does not follow the pattern of the other data found from the research. Evaluation: Design – the design that was used in this research was correlational, which is good as allows us to identify if there is a relationship between two co variables as well as allowing research to be conducted that cannot be done in a lab experiment as is would not be viable. However, correlational studies do not show cause and effect between the two co variables and so it cannot be stated that having a good memory will cause a person to become a millionaire in the future as it could just as easily be that being a millionaire causes a person to have a good memory. Sample – the sample that as used in this study was very small, as only 10 people took part in the research; also the participants were psychology students. Therefore due to the small sample and the specific type of participant the results may not be able to be generalised to the wider population. Furthermore, gender may have been an issue with the sample as there were only 2 males, whereas there were 8 females, therefore there was not an equal mix of each gender and so the results cannot be generalised. Tests – the tests that were used in the study were a memory test created by the researcher and an online questionnaire to predict that chance that the participants would have of becoming a millionaire. The memory test was good as it used standardised instructions, meaning that the test was more reliable as the same instructions were shown to all participants at the same time, which reduces the amount on researcher bias and means that participants can query any confusion they have. Moreover, the standardise instructions mean that there is high control in the research and so the results are reliable. The millionaire test may have had some issues as the closed questions that were used may have not provided an applicable answer, resulting in participants answering questions incorrectly which may have an effect on the results.

Positive and negative effects of globalisation

Positive and negative effects of globalisation Essay Question: Globalisation has led to significant shifts in the world economy over the last three decades. Please describe these major shifts. It has been suggested that globalisation is a major driving force of the global economy towards greater prosperity. It has also been argued that greater globalisation has brought greater risks to the world economy. Given the situation that the whole world has just been facing the most severe financial crisis and economic recession for many decades, what is your view on the globalisation debate? Introduction Define Globalization Globalization refers to the shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). Globalization has brought a lot of people into contact with the world by declining the barriers of the free flow of goods and services, since the World War II and the dramatic technological change and development in recent years mainly in the past three decades (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). This development has made the people around the world to be connected to each other. Information and money flow quicker than ever. Products produced in one town are available to the rest of the world. It becomes much easier for anyone to travel, communicate and do business internationally. Free flow of goods and service s has produced many opportunities for business. This whole phenomenon has been called globalization. This essay is about globalization, how globalization led to significant shifts in the world, I will describe these major shifts in more details. How globalization has brought the economy and many countries into better prosperity. On the other hand, the greater the globalization the riskiest it gets. Finally, I will view my points on the globalization debate. After the break down of the Soviet Union, globalization accelerated through the world. It included the increasing of integration countries individual economies, the rise in the world trade and multinational companies and the effect of large sums of money moving in and out of economies. People around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more quickly than ever. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world. International travel is more frequent. International communication is commonplace. This phenomenon has been titled globalization. McDonalds has more than 25,000 branches in 100 countries (Vijayarani, 2004). This achievement shows how globalization has impacted this organization in terms of culture and operational activities. The success of this fast food chain can be best attributed by its ability and techniques to adapt to local cultures and resources. This ability has benefited McDonalds tremendously by allowing McDonalds to spread its brand worldwide which is now earning the company over $4.0 billion annually in revenue (Lockyer, 2006). The problems of globalizations attributed by various cultures and management systems were turned into opportunities by the companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s continued sensitivity to local cultures. For instance, McDonalds has training programs translated in over 35 different languages mainly English, Spanish, German, French and Chinese to suit the needs of customers as well the needs of various franchises worldwide. Globalization has been accompanied by multiple developments on the world stage, or may have existed before. But it increased the degree of appearance, and these phenomena may be economic, political, cultural, communications and the most prominent of these is with no doubt the economic phenomena. Transformation of the economy (traditional activities such as the exchange of goods in kind, buying and selling) to a symbolic economy that uses icons and electronic pulses through the computers and electronic devices connectivity, will result in increasing the volume of electronic commerce, electronic data interchange in the trade sector, transport, money, credit and others. Deep interdependence among nations, national economies and the trade through speed and ease of moving goods is a good result outsourcing. Outsourcing is the tasks that were previously performed in-house are now purchased from another firm (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). Capital and information across borders with the trend towards integration of financial markets, especially with the elimination of many non-tariff barriers and obstacles to the flow after the establishment of World Trade Organization, may arrange for the removal of barriers and obstacles between the markets now that the competition is the strongest factor in determining the type of goods produced by the state. Few regions of the world have been affected by the wave of globalization than the Asia Pacific Basin. Changes have occurred over the past three decades as the result of the increasing interdependence of Asian countries with each other and with the rest of the world (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization has led the international interactions and interdependencies have led to the spread of culture influences and the ability of people living near each other anywhere in the world just to communicate with each other (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Many multinational corporations benefited from global economy in many ways, some of these organizations have seen the differences in the education level, which made the education sector a major concern. With better education provided, better jobs will be granted and the participation in global economies will be more effective which will lead in high standard of living. (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization brings great prosperity to those countries that open their market to the international trade and investment. Countries that do open to the global markets and share its products grow faster than those who limit their domestic markets and limit their participations in international trade. The growth in gross domestic product is associated with export growth (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization has brought greater risks to the world economy, worsening debt and increasing multinational corporations Fairies. The prevalence of multinational corporations, with control over investment, production and international, MNC companies such as IBM, Microsoft, and others, especially after the World Trade Organization equated between these companies and national companies in the transaction. The problem of the global debt, especially the debt of the third world, poor countries with no capacity to pay as well as the debt services and profits of multinational companies has grown in a scary way. Many MNC have been cutting down in employment number, just to reduce their debts. The emergence of a new international division of work in which the developed countries gave to the developing countries for some manufacturing industries (i.e. industries that depend on the conversion of the raw material to processes goods can benefit from them), that do not meet a comparative advantage, such as intensive industries, labor-intensive and polluting the environment while developed countries have focused on high-tech industries like computers, software, and telecommunications equipment and electronic industries with safer and higher profitability and less employment. Areas like information and communication technologies grant not only the interests of global capitalism but also many small groups to publish their messages and ideas. This is demonstrated by the Democratic side of the development of modern technical. In fact the great diversity of representatives of the actors on the pages of the information network of international non-governmental organizations working in the areas of human rights and the environment through the opponents of globalization and access to the movements of Nazism and the radical. On the other hand, the effectiveness of campaigns organized by some of these parties against State policies and large corporations. This does not mean in any way deny the fact that there are centers and parties in the modern world with remains globalized world of ideas and visions, symbols and letters coming in large part from the cultural frameworks in the developed North controlling the accounts of the overall strength. However, the previou s analysis proves that how they formulated and published on the basis of these components and the image that is the interaction with and awareness deny the essence of a unilateral approach, and widespread in our midst, which sees in globalization merely a synonym for domination. Anti-globalization Not only the term of globalization has increased since the last years, but also anti-globalization has appeared and is still increasing. The first wave of global protest began in the mid-1970s and focused on the austerity measures adopted as part of the à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"structural adjustmentà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  programmed (Munck, 2007). Anti-globalization is the umbrella term for a group of different protest causes, including: environmentalism, third world debt, animal rights, child labor, anarchism, and anti-capitalism and opposition to multinationals. The most attacked institutions of anti-globalization protests have been especially World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). As the big businesses are increasing all around the world, anti-global activities and protests are also increasing their level of strength and violence. McDonalds is one of the most criticized companies by anti-globali sts who reproached corporations low wages, advertising practices, participation in deforestation, harvesting of animals, and promotion of junk food and an unhealthy diet. There were several trials between McDonalds and activists and it did not matter whether activist had won or not, because both cases negatively influenced the good name of the corporation. Activists claim that McDonalds is selling junk food that is overly saturated with salt, sugar, and fats, producing high cholesterol (Kellner, 2001). Moreover, this food is overpriced and it destroys traditions like home cooking, individualized family restaurants, and a balanced and healthy diet. McDonalds is Multinational Corporation that does not customize its products and because of its enormous growth all around the worth, McDonalds is the paradigm of mass homogeneity, sameness, and standardization which erases individuality, specificity and difference. Globalization Debate Indeed, globalization has over hundreds of years contributed to the progress of the world, through travel, trade, migration, spread of cultural influences and dissemination of knowledge (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization has brought many positive aspects to some countries. Lowering the prices of goods and services has made many customers and consumers happy. For example, Australia was greeted with news in early 2007 that manufactures will be relocated to India. This has led to a huge in a loss of job. However, manufactures operating in India are producing in lower costs which will lead to lowering the price of this product (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). As well as, this operation will lead to a better economy for India, because an increase income is provided, jobs will be provided as well. At the same time relocating of manufactures or services from advanced countries to poor-labor countries will destroy many jobs in the wealthy advanced countries. An example is Etisalat communications. Their call center was located in Dubai when the company was operating in Emirates. In 2009, the company started operating in Egypt, which made them use the low wages and the low operating costs in Egypt. So they moved their call center to Egypt. As well as a lot of MNC will decrease their wage rates of unskilled employees in developed countries. Any problem in one country can affect the whole world. Open, global market means that any financial diesis will spread widely. In conclusion, Globalization has made the people around the whole world connected with each other. Sending and receiving money is just matter of seconds nowadays. This made many companies go international. An example of Multinational Corporation is McDonalds. McDonalds who become successful and powerful around the world had taken into consideration many aspects of management strategy which benefited them. Globalization has existed before, but it increased in new levels. The economic level was and still the most important one. Countries with global economy with less trade regulations and trade goods and services more frequently, will result in an increase in the trade sectors, money and transportations. Outsourcing has led to the spread of culture influences. However globalization has brought great risks to the world. The problem of the global debt and the poor countries has grown in an effective ways. Some companies had to fire most of their employees to reduce their debt. Anti-globalization has ap peared in the mid 70s and focused on measures adopted as part of the structural adjustment. Anti-globalization is a term of group of different protest causes like animal rights, child labor and anti-capitalism. McDonaldà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s is one of the most criticized companies by anti-globalists. Positive aspects of globalization are the low prices of goods, new available jobs, the production process have become cheaper and some economies benefited. On the other hand, granting jobs in one country means the loss of jobs in other country, destroying manufacturing jobs in the developed countries and reducing the wage rate of unskilled labor in the developed countries. In the end I agree with the term globalization because overall the benefits that came out of it are more effective and made the whole world better-off.

UK Books and Publishing Industry Analysis

UK Books and Publishing Industry Analysis Table of Contents 1. Introduction5 1.1 Objective5 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the UK Books and Publishing Industry6 2. Industry Overview9 2.1 Market Size and Attraction10 2.2 Market Sectors10 2.2.2 Paperback11 2.2.3 Electronic11 2.2.4 Fiction11 2.2.5 Non-fiction11 2.3 Industry Target Markets12 2.4 Market Sales, Performance and Activities14 2.4.1 Domestic Market14 2.4.2 Export Sales15 2.4.3 Imports16 2.5 Publishing Companies17 2.6 Employment19 2.7 Distribution20 2.8 Major Trends and Developments21 2.8.1 Emerging Book Formats21 2.8.2 Emerging Distribution Channels and Markets22 2.8.3 Developments in Technology and Concerns in Copyright and Production23 3. Industry Analysis – PESTEL24 3.1 Using the PESTEL Analysis24 3.2 Political Factors24 3.2.1 Taxation24 3.2.2 Pricing24 3.3 Economic Factors25 3.3.1 Global Economic Factors25 3.3.2 UK Economic Trends25 3.4 Social Factors26 3.4.1 Consumer Preferences26 3.4.2 The Internet and Technology26 3.4.3 Reading Habits27 3.5 Technological Factors27 3.5.1 The Digital Age27 3.6 Legislative27 3.6.1 Copyright and Intellectual Property27 3.6.2 Market Regulations for New Entries28 3.7 Environmental 28 3.7.1 The Issue of Paper28 3.7.2 Other conservation measures29 4. Industry Analysis – Porter’s Five Forces Model29 4.1 About Porter’s Five Forces Model29 4.2 Rivalry29 4.3 Supplier Power29 4.4 Buyer Power30 4.5 Threats of Substitutes30 4.6 Barriers to Entry30 5. Conclusion31 References34 List of Tables Time Spent of Main Activities, by Sex, 20058 Total Book Sales 1998-200210 Projected Book Sales: 2002-200710 Unit Book Sales by Format: 1998-200211 Projected Book Sales by Format: 2002/200712 Value Book Sales by Target Market: 1998-200213 Projected Book Sales by Target Market: 2002/200713 Publishers’ Export Sales: 1998-200116 Book Imports: 1998-200117 Leading Publishers Ranked by Total Retail Sales 2001/200218 Total Employment in the Publishing Industry 1998-200220 Retail Distribution21 The UK Books and Publishing Industry Analysis 1. Introduction According to the Encyclopaedia of Global Industries (‘Book Publishing’, 2007), global spending on books increased from US$85.3 billion in 2000 to US$104.6 billion in 2005. This is despite the fact that the global demand for books had significantly dropped for a number of reasons. One of the major reasons cited for this drop was the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States. In contrast, the United Kingdom (UK) is currently one of the world’s leading players in the world of publishing. However, it remains behind to major global producers the United States, Japan and Germany. UK is followed by another European major publisher, France In 2002, the UK book and publishing industry reached the value of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤2.5 billion (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003) and continues to be the major location of European publishing’s central operations and the U.S. publishing’s gateway across the Atlantic. 1.1 Objectives The UK books and publishing industry is one of the UK’s distinct industries. As stated above, UK ranks among the world’s major book and publication producers. Readers across the globe are familiar with the UK’s contribution to the publishing world . UK writers have long been one of the more famous sets of writers in the classic and modern histories. Ranging from William Shakespeare to J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter franchise, the UK books and publishing industry continues to play a significant role, especially among the English-language readers across the globe. However, the new media forms that have been emerging lately such as electronic and online forms of publishing currently challenge the publication preferences of the consumers today and UK print media too has got impacted. The present study is an attempt to analyse the UK books and publishing industry. The objectives of this industry analysis are as follows: Provide an overview of the UK books and publishing industry, its current status and projected directions. Analyse the factors that influence the current and future operations of the industry by using the tool of PESTEL analyses. Assess the books and publishing industry and its impact and performance in the market by using market analysis tools of Porter’s Five Forces. Determine the critical factors that can determine the future of the UK books and publishing industry. 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the UK Books and Publishing Industry The UK remains to have a healthy and dynamic book and publishing market; not only does the UK contain one of the significant market shares in the global book market, it boasts of a number of in-demand authors. Books and publishing in the UK highlights the society’s inherent love for books . What is interesting in the UK book and publishing industry can be seen in the following factors: (1) UK has had a significant role in the publishing world especially among English-language readers across the globe; however, in terms of industry size, UK remains behind book producing giants the United States, Japan and Germany. These three countries have a competitive production advantage: the United States has strong media and entertainment industry which has also influenced its publishing sector; Japan is known for its graphic novel and books publication, as driven by the strong manga culture and demand; Germany’s media corporate giant, Bertelsmann, has managed to own and merge with large publishers, which makes this German company a significant player in the global industry (‘Book Publishing’, 2007). (2) New forms of media, electronic publishing and the Internet, have emerged which have challenged the conventional publishing forms. Electronic publishing and the Internet has become a challenge in a number of areas including the redefinition of publication format (electronic or published through the Internet) and publication access (self-publishing has become popular online). This also influences the amount of interest the public continues to have in books especially when more recreational forms have evolved which may be preferred over picking up a magazine or a book. Besides, recent times have also witnessed a rise of online / virtual schools and other forms of virtual reality which has now given way to emergence of digital versions of these books or e-books. (3) Emerging markets brought by globalisation also affect the expansion of UK publishers to other parts of the world. This is in addition to the increasing demand for English-language learning courses in non-English speaking nations can encourage the publication of books. Regional authors too can increase the interest of the global readers, and it is interesting to see how the UK publishing industry has responded to these new opportunities. In addition to this, it is interesting to evaluate the performance of this huge industry that reaches different global markets and at the same time, is serving a more particular sector of the people’s reading habits. Based on a survey on leisure activities in 2005 by the National Statistics Office’s, reading has been cited as constituting a negligible part of how people spend their time every day. Reading, on an average, only accounts for 23 minutes among men and 26 minutes among women. The following table illustrates how this industry has been catering to a fraction of people’s average daily activities: Time Spent of Main Activities, by Sex, 2005 (‘Time Use Survey’, 2006) As can be seen in the table, reading has taken a backseat as compared to the time people spend watching television or having a â€Å"social life†. A similar survey conducted in 2001 among full-time workers on how they spend their free time, reading emerged as the third highest activity whereas games/hobbies/computing came in close behind (‘Lifestyles’, 2004). Evidently, in the previously cited more recent survey, games/hobbies/computing activities have overtaken reading. However, this peculiar development holds true among males who spend an average of 37 minutes in playing games, indulging in hobbies or working on computers whereas women tend to be ardent readers, thereby spending more time reading than other hobbies. It should also be noted that reading does not only limit itself to the products of the book and publishing industry as the Internet has also become a significant source for information. 2. Industry Overview 2.1 Market Size and Attraction According to the Confederation of British Industry, the book sector has been one of the significant drivers in the overall UK retail sales growth, along with furniture and groceries (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). This shows that books are among the main purchases that people make in a combined demand in the leisure and educational sectors. The UK books and publishing industry reached the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤2.5 billion mark in 2002, making this industry having a positive overall outlook. Volume and value gains were seen rising from 2001 to 2002 at 12.1% and 16.8% respectively. The 12.1% volume increase reflected the 323.8 million units sold by 2002, which contributed to the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.9%. Positive developments were also experienced, which started from the late 1990s up to the beginning of the millennium, with strong value gains eventually contributing to the 4% CAGR since the surge in sales in 1999 (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). Total Book Sales 1998-2002 ( Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) Projected Book Sales: 2002-2007 ( Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) According to the Publishing Industry Market Review 2006, the total publishing market was worth 18.63bn in 2005, having increased by 7.6% across the review period (2001 to 2005). The Publishing Industry is defined by Newspapers, Magazines as well as Book publishing. Newspaper publishing accounts for the largest share of the markets total value, followed by magazine publishing and book publishing. Within the books and publishing industry in 2004, retail book sales were  £3.98bn which represents a 3.2% increase on 2003.( UK Publishing Industry 2005,) Since 1999, the market has grown by a total of 16% and around 67% of the markets value is consumer books. The UK Publishing Industry 2004 report indicates that the UK publishing market is expected to grow by 12.9% between 2004 and 2008. Magazine revenues are likely to rise by 17.3%, newspaper revenues by 15.2% and book publishing by 14.7%. (UK Publishing Industry 2004,). 2.2 Market Sectors The commercial publishing industry extends far beyond books and journals. Products are available in electronic as well as print form. The overall book and publishing industry (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003) can be classified on the basis of format and category Format: 2.2.1 Hardbacks Hardback formats are hardbound books. This format can be commonly found among books for children, new releases, and non-fiction books. 2.2.2 Paperback Paperback or softback is the most common format . This dominantly makes up the books targeted for commercial and educational purposes. 2.2.3 Electronic The electronic formats are the non-paper based products available on CD-ROM, or as audio books, e-books etc. Category: 2.2.4 Fiction The fiction category includes children’s books, novels across genres (crime, Western, thriller), historical, romance, etc. 2.2.5 Non-fiction The non-fiction category includes educational, academic and professional books, reference books, travel guides, DIY, etc. The performances of these different sectors (by format) are illustrated in the following table (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003): Unit Book Sales by Format: 1998-2002 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) Projected Book Sales by Format: 2002/2007 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) Based on the performance of the two main categories, fiction and non-fiction, the latter continues to dominate the book sales and continues to grow (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003): 2.3 Industry Target Markets Books can also be classified on the basis of the target market: consumer and institutional (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). The consumer market is the mainstream book market which includes regular readers and individual buyers. The institutional market for books is defined by institutions or organisations that buy books for specific purposes such as libraries. It also includes the books bought by the education sector. There is a potential confusion as to the identification of the consumer and the institutional market as the consumer market also includes publications for academic and professional purposes. However, institutional books are mostly identified by means of prevailing theme and the market segment, such as in the case of libraries and field-specific institutions (i.e. law books collection) whereas the consumer market’s main source of distribution channel are bookshops, online stores, etc. In terms of performance, the consumer market has a significant market share over the institutional market. The total sales brought by he consumer market in 2002 was at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤2.0 billion, thereby having 80.3% of the overall book market share. Average growth was cited at 17.4%, with the surge of sales throughout the year usually picking up during the last quarter (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). The institutional market has been also experiencing positive growth at 14.3%, with its sales reaching à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤490.6 million and comprising 19.7% of the overall market sales. Educational sales continue to dominate the institutional sales at 63.4% whereas contributions from the library sector continue to fluctuate. As can be observed from the table given below, there was a significant drop in library sales from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤114 million to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤101 million from 1998 to 1999, with this particular sector experiencing fluctuations until 2002 (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). Value Book Sales by Target Market: 1998-2002 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) Projected Book Sales by Target Market: 2002/2007 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) 2.4 Market Sales, Performance and Activities The UK books and publishing industry relies on various market forces in order to maintain its dynamism; this can be attributed to its performance mainly on domestic sales, and then through the export and import volume and sales. 2.4.1 Domestic Market As previously mentioned, the consumer market mainly comprise of the industry’s domestic sales. Strong performance has been seen across sectors and categories, with positive developments in fiction as well as non-fiction books. Sales in fiction category experienced an average increase of 56% from 1998 to 2001, although non-fiction remains to have the significant market share (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). A number of market strategies have emerged in order to have the publishers improve their performance. It has been noted that UK has even adopted an American market strategy framework which includes book tours and taking advantage of the different media channels to increase exposure and promotion such as online book ordering promotions and book superstores (‘Book Publishing’, 2007). It can be observed that this has been apparent in the franchising sector in which UK fictional giant, the Harry Potter franchise, have further ventured into film and consumer products. In a way, books have established a force to create a peripheral market sector which relates the books to other relevant industries. However, the opposite takes place when classic British books such as J.R.R. Tolkiens’ The Lord of the Rings and C.S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia were made into movies, and because of the success of this channel, book sales for these works have also experienced a significant increase as this has become a promotional means in order to sell more books. Such strategy is not only felt in the UK domestic sector but also in other global sales as well. 2.4.2 Export Sales UK books are exported throughout the world and a cited increase of 4.4% was seen from 1998 to 2002. As per a Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) report, the export market is worth approximately  £1.4bn a year. However, UK’s main export competition comes from the United States, which also produces English-language books. Some exporting strategy can be also seen through the industry (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003, p. 19): Although the worldwide Harry Potter phenomenon had a strong impact on exports, particularly over the 1999/2000 period, non-consumer publishing book sales were also a mainstay of export performance. English is the world language for titles in the scientific/technical/medical category and as such, the UK dominates the field internationally in terms of sales. For publishers of these kinds of texts exports can account for up to 60.0% of sales, particularly to the US, and it can be of great advantage for a publisher to have an American arm or to be part of an American-controlled group in terms of securing US rights of publication. In this case, despite the stiff competition with the US titles, UK books have also been performing fairly well in the United States; the UK mainly exports to the United States. In fact, UK has been the largest exporter of books to the United States books market. The performance of the UK publishers’ export sales are as follows (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003): Publishers’ Export Sales: 1998-2001 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) 2.4.3 Imports The UK also imports books from overseas markets such as the United States. Interestingly, Asian markets have been contributing significantly to UK book imports. The second largest imports, after the United States, come from Hong Kong, and the fourth largest market is Singapore; China too is also among the top sources, gaining the eighth import source position in 2001 (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). Interestingly, UK imports increases industry competition, with its value rising at 16.6% within the period 1998-2001. The following table shows the import value during this time period (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003): Book Imports: 1998-2001 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) 2.5 Publishing Companies Each of the three sectors of publishing in UK-newspapers, magazines and books- is dominated by around a dozen companies. Only a few companies are active in more than one sector. In fact, only Pearson PLC is involved in all three markets in a significant way. News Corporation, which publishes newspapers and which owns the book publisher Harper Collins too has entered the magazine market early in 2006. The UK publishing industry is still primarily UK owned. However, in the magazine market, there are several foreign-owned companies. These include the following: The Conde Nast Publications Ltd Hachette Filipacchi (UK) Ltd IPC Media Ltd The National Magazine Company Ltd The Readers Digest Association Ltd and VNU Business Publications Ltd. As indicated in Books and Publishing – United Kingdom 2003 The UK is not the home base of any major media player, such as Bertelsmann, Vivendi or AOL Time Warner. The regulations on media ownership make it easier for new entrants from abroad to establish a presence in the UK than for UK companies to substantially enlarge market share. Most of the major players in the book industry are owned by international multimedia publishing concerns, and therefore the most helpful form of comparison is to analyse leading publishing houses, and the results of the consolidated groups which own them. (‘Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003, p. 23) Thus, the books and publishing industry in the UK is characterised by a handful of global conglomerates or international companies, such as Reed Elsevier Group PLC, Pearson PLC, The Random House Group Ltd and Harper Collins Publishers Ltd. The leading publisher in the UK, HarperCollins, is a merger of British publisher William Collins Sons and Co Ltd. and the American publisher Harper Row. Today, HarperCollins is owned by the American media conglomerate, News Corp., although HarperCollins UK is the UK’s leading publishing house (Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003; ‘Harper Collins’, 2007). In the recent years, many other companies have been acquired and merged. For instance, in 2004 a major development was the acquisition of Hodder Headline from WH Smith by the French publisher Hachette Filipacchi in 2004. This merely added to further internationalisation of UK publishing. Hachette already owned Orion which further owned Weidenfeld Nicholson. This has lead it to become the UKs second-largest consumer book publisher. Macmillan and Random House are both owned by German companies. These main drivers of these developments have been the business strategies applied by these corporations. These strategies can be observed to be influenced by forces such as globalisation and certain deregulations when it comes to foreign operations. Besides these, other major publishers are Blackwell and the university presses of Oxford and Cambridge. The following table shows the leading publishers in the UK according to sales (Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003): Leading Publishers Ranked by Total Retail Sales 2001/2002 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) 2.6 Employment By 2002, the books and publishing workforce, which also include employees in the printing sectors, were recorded at 352,000; according to the National Statistics, this figure was at 366,000 in 2001 (Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003; ‘Harper Collins’, 2007). In 2004, approximately 280,000 people were employed nationally and about 15% work part time. It has been cited that the books and publishing industry has not offered a very promising development to its workforce in terms of pay and employment confidence (Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003, p. 22): †¦ In a recent survey by Bookcareers.com, 66% of employees in the industry said that they had lost colleagues to redundancy. There is widespread discontent in the industry, particularly over the issue of pay. Levels of pay, especially for starting salaries, are notoriously low, particularly bearing in mind the level of education required for publishing work, and starting salaries can be as little as  £15,000 a year. Pay is a factor in most employees’ lives, particularly because most of UK publishing centres around London and the South East, where house prices are simply unaffordable for people earning average salaries in the industry. In addition to this, professional development does not sound as promising in this industry due to the lack of training initiatives and specific professional skills. Professionals in this industry are mostly managerial in nature. Hence, in terms of skills development, the demand has not been as impressive in this sector. It is therefore not as surprising that the number of employees in the industry has been discouraging in terms of rate, and employment has been also bleak due to redundancies. Total Employment in the Publishing Industry 1998-2002 (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) 2.7 Distribution In the past consumers were buying books through a variety of distribution channels such as large chain bookstores book clubs and independent and small chain bookstores, mass merchandisers, mail order, food and drug stores, discount stores, used books etc. The traditional bookshops have been losing their influence and as a result such booksellers have been also starting to fold up. The Internet is becoming one of the most active distribution channels for books and publications. Although the Internet does not have as much distribution share at this point, it continues to contribute significantly in this area as it also continues to increase as a highly-used distribution channel. Book retailers continue to dominate the product distribution; these retailers include chained retailers and independent bookshops. As compared to independent bookshops, in recent times, , bookshop chains are starting to increase its market grasp and influence (Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). Another distribution source is through book clubs. The UK’s leading book club, BCA, combines to book club concept and its mail-to-order scheme, in addition to smaller subdivision of smaller book clubs. The book retail distribution trends have been presented in the following table: (Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003): Retail Distribution (Euromonitor International: Country Market Insight) It can be observed that there has been significant increase in sale through Internet and multiple (chained) booksellers whereas there has been a decrease in distribution through independent booksellers and book clubs/mail-to-order. 2.8 Major Trends and Developments The dynamism of the books and publishing industry in the UK can be determined by the key trends and developments that can eventually affect how the industry operates and performs. 2.8.1 Emerging Book Formats As previously mentioned, new formats such as e-books, CD-ROMs and audio books have now entered the market. Among the three, e-books have been creating a stir due to a number of reasons: it is in digital format that can be easily downloaded. What also works well with the emergence of e-books is the emergence of technologies.. For example, PDAs have now developed into small, handheld computers that can carry a substantial amount of data; e-books, which are usually in the PDF can be easily downloaded in PDAs and accessed through PDF reader (Microsoft Reader and Adobe Acrobat). Hence, people do not have to carry large books around as they can easily access them through their devices. As per the statistics from an online download source for public domain books, manybooks.net, PDF downloads have reached almost 140,000, not including the other electronic book formats such as eReader and RTF, and downloadable text in HTML format (Nagle, 2007). In any case, the number of downloads can reach hundreds of thousands, and this only includes books from one website and works within the public domain. Another popular source of free e-books is Project Gutenberg (Project Gutenberg, http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page) which claims to have over 2 million downloads every month. 2.8.2 Emerging Distribution Channels and Markets As discussed in the distribution channel section, the Internet is becoming to impress its influence among UK consumers; book sales online experienced an 11% growth in 2001 and continues to be significant till date. Although some online start-ups wanted to take advantage of the UK market, most of them were adversely affected by the dotcom bubble in the 1990s. Expectedly, Amazon.co.uk is the top online seller of books in the UK (Books and Publishing – United Kingdom’, 2003). 2.8.3 Developments in Technology and Concerns in Copyright and Production Technological developments have largely affected the books and publishing industry. As previously mentioned, technolo

Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger used symbolism throughout the novel. Four major symbols were the ducks, the Museum of Natural History, the hunting hat, and Jane Gallagher. They all represent Holden in a way, and Salinger uses these symbols very well. While Holden is wandering around New York City, he asks many people about what happens to the ducks in the pond when it freezes. I think this really symbolizes Holden. He isn’t really wondering about the ducks, he is wondering about himself. He wants to know what will happen to him when the weather gets really cold. He wants to know if he will have to go home, because he is really afraid to. This relates to the theme of going home, which is a recurring theme during the novel. The novel is basically his slow return to his home, and he is wondering whether he should go home or stay outside and freeze. The other two symbols, Jane Gallagher and the Museum of Natural History, both represent the theme of the past. Jane Gallaghe r was an old friend of Holden’s, and he mentions her many times during the story. He mentions that he will call her, but he never gets the nerve to. She is an important part of his past that he misses a lot, and he wants to go back and be with her again. The Museum of Natural History represents a different aspect of his past. While Jane Gallagher makes Holden want to return to his past, the Museum of Natural History sort of changes his mind. He remembers how he used to go there all the time, and how he was different, but the wax figures were always the same. He realizes that he can’t go back in time, because he is not the same as he used to be. He also realizes that he will never be the same as he used to be. One other important symbol is Holden’s hunting cap. I think that his cap represents security. He always seemed to be wearing the hat and every time he puts it on, he always mentions how it makes him feel better. It also represents his individuality. It make s him seem to be different from others since he is the only one to be wearing such a hat and people thinks that it is quite odd when they saw him wear it.

Thomas Mores Utopia as a Social Model Essays -- Thomas More Utopia

Thomas More's Utopia as a Social Model   Ã‚  Ã‚  In his famous work Utopia, Sir Thomas More describes the society and culture of an imaginary island on which all social ills have been cured. As in Plato's Republic, a work from which More drew while writing Utopia, More's work presents his ideas through a dialogue between two characters, Raphael Hythloday and More himself. Hythloday is a fictional character who describes his recent voyage to the paradisal island of Utopia. Throughout the work, Hythloday describes the laws, customs, system of government, and way of life that exist in Utopia to an incredulous and somewhat condescending More.    Throughout the work, Hythloday presents a society organized to overcome the flaws of human nature. This society has been carefully thought out by More -- as the author of the work -- to help avoid the problems associated with human nature. Individual human appetites are controlled and balanced against the needs of the community as a whole. In other words, More attempts to describe a society in which the seven deadly sins are counterbalanced by other motivations set up by the government and society as a whole.    More seems to think that the seven deadly sins will be fairly easy to overcome. Pride, for instance, is counterbalanced in several ways in his social system. For instance, he makes sure that all people wear the same clothing, except that the different genders wear different styles, as do married and unmarried people. More also makes individuals fairly interchangeable within the social system -- one carpenter, for instance, seems to be more or less like another to him, and can find work anywhere that carpenters are needed. He also says that the Utopians encourage their ci... ...en consumed by lust for power due to the way in which he was raised, others in his society would have been. No society can control the motivations of all individuals involved to such a degree as to completely eliminate power-lust in all of its members.    More's Utopia, then, presents a nice theory, but one too abstract, too Platonic, too rationalistic, and with too little understanding of real human motivations to be workable. However, it is hardly a useless or worthless work -- it contains many profound psychological insights, quite a bit of humor, and many very good points. I doubt that it is workable as a complete social system, however.    Works Cited: More, Sir Thomas. Utopia. New York: Washington Square Press, 1965. Marlowe, Christopher. The Tragedy of Doctor Faustus. Ed. Louis B. Wright. New York: Washington Square Press, 1959.   

From Source to Shore an Amazon Success Story Essay

From Source to Shore An Amazon Success Story By Ankit Shah Amazon is one of the first ventures that set out to tap the potential of web for retail business. It’s hard to believe that a business that started out of founder Jeff Bezos’ garage in 1994 has revenues of over $32 billion today. What is even harder to believe is that the company didn’t make any profit for first 5 years of its conception. Looking back, many leading business analysts see Amazon’s business plan as one of the soundest yet simple business plans, or virtuous cycle as it is more popularly known, of that era. Figure 1: Amazon’s Business Plan. A sharp customer focus was the key take away of the business plan. While the general market trend during the dot com boom was of aggressively fending off competition, Amazon remained faithful towards the simplest principle of the industry, â€Å"It’s a Customer’s Market†. Driven by his will to increase customer satisfaction, Bezos made hefty investments in research and technology which was also new to the market. Consistent upgrades to the web portal made it increasingly easy to use and opened up the market by introducing its customers to products that were not available at a regular retail store. Features like personal recommendations, search inside a book, wish lists were highly customer centric and quickly caught the attention of the e-shoppers. The high variety offered by Amazon enticed even more customers after the features like rating a product, reviews and discussions were added. Figure 2 shows the current customer satisfaction standing of Amazon and its competitors. Figure 2: American Customer Satisfaction Index (Internet Retailers). Feb 2011. Recognizing the importance of the long tail market has also played a part in Amazon’s increasing customer satisfaction scores. Being an online retailer, Amazon has the flexibility to offer obscure products to its customers. The ease of obtaining products and items, which are rarely available at regular stores, is a key USP of Amazon. It is also a major profit maker for Amazon. Figure 3: The Long Tail Phenomenon Consistent high scores on the customer satisfaction index and the sound business strategy reaped its first profit in 2001, by which time Amazon had become a household name. Customer satisfaction is identified as a leading contributor to a company’s profits by many leading industry experts. Figure 4: Contribution of various Business Performance Factors to Shareholder Value ‘Cost of attracting a new customer is almost 4 times the cost of retaining an old one’ is a statistic that is widely accepted in the industry. This translates to huge savings in Figure 5: Reason for customers to stop dealing with vendors operational costs as Amazon stands at over 81 million registered users today. As Amazon concentrated on building deeper customer relationships, it also came up with innovative ways to leverage these relationships to increase sales. Bill me later’ was introduced to increase the buying power of the existing customers. It allowed customers to buy a product instantly but be billed at a later date. Amazon Marketplace is a service that allows users to buy and sell used items. It is also a great example of how Amazon has leveraged its customer relationship to create new opportunities as the success of such a venture depends greatly on the customer relationships. The Brand Value of Amazon has also seen an upward movement similar to the customer satisfaction index. This has also helped Amazon attract more customers and increase its market presence. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 36 Amazon 65 62 58 43 Brand Index Figure 6: Amazon’s Increasing Brand Value [5] The increasing brand value and the saturating market in United States have urged Amazon to spread into international markets. Amazon began its European expansion by acquiring Bookpages. co. uk in 1997. The international market growth of Amazon has been steadily increasing in the new markets and off late has come at power with the US market in terms of contribution to the revenue stream. Figure 7: International Sales vs US Sales The categorical waterfall approach to international expansion coupled with religious adherence to the customer centric business model is the major contributor to Amazon’s success in international markets. The international expansion time line below shows that Amazon favors American market to introduce its new product lines and features. Also, the American market still remains Amazon’s favorite in terms of wide product line. Figure 8: International Expansion Timeline for Amazon. Amazon is now moving towards establishing itself as a global leader in e-tailing. In keeping with its sound business model, Amazon is still focused towards innovating customer centric features and targeting customer satisfaction as a primary goal. With an increasing presence in international markets, Amazon also faces increasing competition from local e-tailers. Entering a market by acquiring an existing player is a strategy that has worked for Amazon. Country Acquired Year UK Bookpages. co. uk 1998 Germany Telebuch. e in 1998 China Joyo. com 2004 Figure 9: Amazon’s International Acquisitions.   Amazon also offers many country specific features and variations to its product line. This differentiation approach towards international markets plays a key role in building a market value and capturing market share. Country Canada Features †¢ Choice of language between French and English on the web portal. †¢ Canadian website Amazon. ca which is fully managed from the USA and on which Canadian customers can place their orders. To avoid expensive exporting from the USA, Amazon has entered partnerships with publishers and wholesalers from which customers are directly supplied. †¢ Offers a separate UK product selection. †¢ Provision to pay through postal orders. †¢ The German subsidiary is also responsible for serving the Austrian market. †¢ Provision to pay using cheques. †¢ Pays a small fine for ignoring the 5% limit for discount on books. †¢ Reduced its French staff and outsourced some of its administrative functions to the UK. †¢ Used the existing delivery system established by joyo. com instead of nation wide couriers.

Ancient Art: How It Affects Society Today Essay

Ancient art has a timeless value on how it affects society today. In order to interoperate each work of art, an individual must have a full knowledgeable concept of how to define each piece. This essay defines each the Mona Lisa created by Leonardo Da Vinci and the Venus de Milo sculpted by Alexandros of Antioch. It defines the form, subject matter, and content for both pieces. The comparison between both pieces is very much different in concepts, but the meaning of both, hold so much of value is very similar by level of representation. Ancient Art Art within itself defines who we are as individuals through the way we express our; feelings, emotions, expressions, and things we create. Looking at the â€Å"Mona Lisa† created by Leonardo Da Vinci, this was certainly a masterpiece that captured the eyes of many through its meaning and design. In a resemblance to art, the â€Å"Venus de Milo† created by Alexandros of Antioch, was a spectacular sculpture that was dated back to 100BC and speaks too many about its characteristic. There are many different aspects to define each artwork such as; the form, subject matter, and its content. Relating art to its time is a crucial aspect to know and understand what possessed meaning during that time. The form of the work is a very crucial aspect to apply when looking at art work. The Mona Lisa is a two-dimensional oil painting on a panel of wood. The painting technique Leonardo da Vinci used was called sfumato (the Italian word for smoke) which involves using several translucent layers of color to produce depth in the painting. I t is still unknown how Leonardo applied the paint as there is no obvious evidence of brush strokes or use of fingers. As for the Venus de Milo, it was a three-dimensional sculpture created out of Italian marble which is a hard stone that has a fine grain which allows for it to be carved with a high degree of detail. According to Lee (2013), â€Å"The Venus de Milo was carved from at least six to seven blocks of Parian marble: one block for the nude torso, another block for the draped legs, another block apiece for each arm, another small block for the left foot, another block for the inscribed plinth and finally the separately carved herm that stood beside the goddess.† Obviously the two differ in many different perspectives. First, sculpting and painting are two different forms of art but the intensive meaning behind both of them represent how much impact art has on society. The material and techniques varied in many different aspects as well and the color, whereas marble wasn’t available in different color schemes. The subject matter behind each piece was a representational outlook for highly respected and loved individuals. From what an individual can gather immediately looking at the Mona Lisa is that, from the sad expression on her face shows meaning behind her life. As for the Venus de Milo, individuals could gather it was someone of value in that era of time. Each with a powerful meaning behind each, but for those who know very little about art could not literally depict what it was actually representing. The content to these two masterpieces are very significant in meaning. The Mona Lisa Possessed a very interesting meaning behind the painting. The name of which the Mona Lisa was given was from Lisa del Giocondo, the wife of a wealthy Florence businessman. In modern Italian, â€Å"mona† means â€Å"my lady† or â€Å"madam,† so the title means â€Å"Madam Lisa†. According to Gwen Bruno (2009), â€Å"the portrait really represents the former Duchess of Milan, Isabella of Aragon and that her sad expression is due to her unhappy marriage.† The sculpture of Venus de Milo is the representation of the Greek goddess of love and beauty, is meant to be the depiction of pure beauty and perfection, (Mike De Rose, 2008). The action and modernized drapery give the Venus great nobility of a goddess. According to Mike De Rose (2008), â€Å"the Venus de Milo represents the girl that this man can never have, and acts as a fantasy for him. When Dario writes â€Å"in the impossible embrace of the Venus de Milo†, he is portraying how it would be impossible to hold or even touch this girl.† The time periods from which these were created were of substantial value to those of its time. The Mona Lisa more accurately fits the description of so by customs and values during that time. The Venus de Milo was more theory opposed to a literal value because she was of creation. Both of the timeless pieces of art will forever hold their value and meaning and will always be cherished. References * Gwen Bruno. (2009). â€Å"What Does the Mona Lisa Represent?† Demand Media Inc. RetrievedJanuary 25, 2013 from; http://www.ehow.com/facts_6175839_mona-lisa-represent_.html * * Lee. (2013). â€Å"What was the Venus De Milo made of?.† Yahoo Inc. Retrieved January 25, 2013from; http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070220141508AA8kRqO * * Mike De Rose. (2008). â€Å"The impossible embrace of the Venus de Milo.† Mercyhurst.edu.Retrieved January 25, 2013 from; * http://plato.mercyhurst.edu/english/breed/www/I%20Seek%20A%20Form/Venus%20de%20Milo.htm *

Vegetarians vs. Meat-Eaters Rough Draft

Cassia Allen Mr. Gerleman Engl. 1301 18 June 2012 Vegetarian vs. Meat-eater Through personal experience I have witnessed the common misconception many people fall prey to: vegetarians are mal-nourished and unhealthy. This quick judgment comes from the knowledge that the human body needs protein to survive and our main source of protein comes from the meat of animals. Fortunately for vegetarians, this is not so. In fact, protein can be found in a variety of different foods, making life for a vegetarian not quite as difficult as one might think.Unlike a meat-eaters diet, by eating a vegetarian diet you can prevent health defects, gain important vitamins and maintain a level amount of energy throughout the day. Eating a vegetarian diet takes dedication but with the right knowledge of what will benefit your body and what will harm it, you can be rewarded with a number of positive aspects. Fruits and vegetables play a huge part in the prevention of health defects such as heart disease, di abetes and even cancer.But without knowing this, vegetarians can extremely warp the outcome of a vegetarian diet and intake more carbohydrates rather than vitamins from fruits and veggies. These vitamins are an absolute essential part of a vegetarian diet along with foods that will provide energy to the body such as leafy greens, nuts, beans and fresh produce. By eating these types of foods, vegetarians can have just as much or more energy in their day as a meat-eater would.Many meat-eaters in today’s society abuse the commendable aspects that meat can contain and gorge themselves in all of its fatty glory. Meat is commonly over-eaten and turned to fat in the body if not worked off through exercise. Because of nutrients such as amino acids, iron and protein; some meats can add to one’s defense system and help block harmful viruses from getting into the body. But this minimal amount of help that meat offers the immune system can easily be replaced by many other foods.Un fortunately the same cannot be said for the protein level meat contains. No vegetarian food can provide the same amount of protein that meat offers. Because of this, meat-eaters have a consistent amount of energy when doing every-day activities and usually do not tire easily. Looking past all the differences, both an omnivorous diet and a vegetarian diet have health benefits of their own but having a vegetarian diet means that you are acutely aware of these differences and strive for the benefits.